Jordan S E, Green G A, Galanty H L, Mandelbaum B R, Jabour B A
Department of Neurology, University of California, Los Angeles 90095, USA.
Am J Sports Med. 1996 Mar-Apr;24(2):205-10. doi: 10.1177/036354659602400216.
We designed a study to determine whether chronic encephalopathy occurs in elite, active soccer players resulting from repetitive heading of the soccer ball. Studies have suggested that the cumulative effects of heading a ball can cause a chronic brain syndrome similar to dementia pugilistica, which is seen in professional boxers. Twenty of 25 members of the U.S. Men's National Soccer Team training camp (average age, 24.9; average years of soccer, 17.7), who completed a questionnaire on head injury symptoms and had magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, were compared with 20 age-matched male elite track athletes. The soccer players were surveyed about playing position, teams, number of headers, acute head injuries, and years of playing experience. An exposure index to headers was developed to assess a dose-response effect of chronic heading. The soccer and track groups were questioned regarding alcohol use and history of acute head traumas. Questionnaire analysis and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no statistical differences between the two groups. Among the soccer players, symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging findings did not correlate with age, years of play, exposure index results, or number of headers. However, reported head injury symptoms, especially in soccer players, correlated with histories of prior acute head injuries (r = 0.63). These findings suggest that any evidence of encephalopathy in soccer players relates more to acute head injuries received playing soccer than from repetitive heading.
我们设计了一项研究，以确定精英现役足球运动员是否会因反复头球而出现慢性脑病。研究表明，头球的累积效应可能会导致一种类似于职业拳击手所见的拳击性痴呆的慢性脑综合征。对美国国家男子足球队训练营的25名成员中的20名（平均年龄24.9岁；平均足球运动年限17.7年）进行了研究，这些成员完成了一份关于头部受伤症状的问卷并接受了脑部磁共振成像检查，并与20名年龄匹配的男性精英田径运动员进行了比较。对足球运动员进行了关于比赛位置、球队、头球次数、急性头部受伤情况以及比赛经验年限的调查。制定了一个头球暴露指数，以评估慢性头球的剂量反应效应。对足球组和田径组询问了饮酒情况和急性头部创伤史。问卷分析和磁共振成像显示两组之间没有统计学差异。在足球运动员中，症状和磁共振成像结果与年龄、比赛年限、暴露指数结果或头球次数均无相关性。然而，报告的头部受伤症状，尤其是在足球运动员中，与既往急性头部受伤史相关（r = 0.63）。这些发现表明，足球运动员中任何脑病的证据更多地与踢足球时受到的急性头部受伤有关，而非反复头球。
