Merien F, Perolat P
Leptospira Laboratory, Institute Pasteur, Noumea, New Caledonia.
Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996 Aug;55(2):174-8. doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.174.
A retrospective study of 192 cases of human leptospirosis in New Caledonia (South Pacific) diagnosed between 1989 and 1993 showed that the disease was endemic throughout the territory. The annual incidence rate was 30 per 100,000 population, and the disease was more frequent in males (67.5%). Cases occurred mainly in March each year. Forty isolates were obtained (20.8%) and identified as belonging to serovars icterohaemorrhagiae (28), pomona (6), pyrogenes (3), ballum (2), and javanica (1). Most cases (54.7%) presented as influenza-like illnesses, while classical Weil's syndrome (fever, jaundice, and renal involvement) occurred in only 15.6% of the patients. Severe ocular complications were found in 3.6% of the patients. Local differences in climate, environment and socioeconomic conditions determined the epidemiologic features. These data emphasize the potential public health importance of leptospirosis in the other insular states in the South Pacific.
对1989年至1993年间在新喀里多尼亚（南太平洋）诊断出的192例人类钩端螺旋体病病例进行的回顾性研究表明，该病在整个地区呈地方流行。年发病率为每10万人30例，男性发病更为频繁（67.5%）。病例主要发生在每年3月。获得了40株菌株（20.8%），鉴定属于出血性黄疸型（28株）、波摩那型（6株）、热解型（3株）、拜伦型（2株）和爪哇型（1株）血清型。大多数病例（54.7%）表现为流感样疾病，而典型的韦尔综合征（发热、黄疸和肾脏受累）仅发生在15.6%的患者中。3.6%的患者出现严重眼部并发症。气候、环境和社会经济条件的局部差异决定了流行病学特征。这些数据强调了钩端螺旋体病在南太平洋其他岛屿国家潜在的公共卫生重要性。
