de Leon J, Dadvand M, Canuso C, Odom-White A, Stanilla J, Simpson G M
Medical College of Pennsylvania, Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute, Philadelphia, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 1996 Jul 1;40(1):28-34. doi: 10.1016/0006-3223(95)00353-3.
This cross-sectional survey attempts to establish the prevalence of polydipsia and water intoxication at a state hospital (N = 360) using staff diagnosis, specific gravity of the urine (SPGU), weight changes, and chart review. There were 150 [42%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 37-47%] patients diagnosed as polydipsic by the staff or by SPGU. At least 93 (26%, CI 21-30%) had primary polydipsia not explained by other causes. Chart review identified 17 (5%, CI 3-7%) patients with a history of water intoxication. Using a case-control study design, schizophrenia, extended duration of hospitalization, and heavy smoking were associated with primary polydipsia in a logistic regression analysis (respective odds ratios were 1.6, 1.8, and 3.6). All patients with a history of water intoxication were Caucasian (versus 83% in those without a history) and had significantly more extended hospitalizations (94 vs. 49%). Future case-control studies should combine longitudinal identification of true cases and controls and exhaustive collections of clinical information in a standardized way.
这项横断面调查试图通过工作人员诊断、尿比重（SPGU）、体重变化和病历审查来确定一家州立医院（N = 360）中烦渴和水中毒的患病率。有150名[42%，95%置信区间（CI）37 - 47%]患者被工作人员或通过尿比重诊断为烦渴。至少93名（26%，CI 21 - 30%）患有原发性烦渴，无法用其他原因解释。病历审查发现17名（5%，CI 3 - 7%）有水中毒病史的患者。在一项逻辑回归分析中，采用病例对照研究设计，精神分裂症、住院时间延长和大量吸烟与原发性烦渴相关（各自的比值比分别为1.6、1.8和3.6）。所有有水中毒病史的患者均为白种人（无病史者中这一比例为83%），且住院时间显著更长（94天对49天）。未来的病例对照研究应以标准化方式结合对真正病例和对照的纵向识别以及临床信息的详尽收集。
