Rao P D, Murthy C K, Cook H, Peter R E
Department of Zoology, Nagpur University, India.
J Chem Neuroanat. 1996 Apr;10(2):119-35. doi: 10.1016/0891-0618(96)00110-x.
A sexually dimorphic distribution of galanin (GAL)-like immunoreactive (ir) neurons and fibers was found in the brain and pituitary of goldfish. The rostralmost GAL-ir perikarya were found in the area ventralis telencephali pars supracommissuralis dorsal to the anterior commissure. In the diencephalon, there was several GAL-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus periventricularis (NPP). Males had many GAL-ir perikarya in the nucleus preopticus pars parvocellularis (NPOpp) and isolated GAL-ir perikarya in the NPO pars magnocellularis, and lateral to the NPO; in females GAL-ir perikarya were not found in these sites. A large GAL-ir neuronal aggregation was observed in the nucleus lateralis tuberis pars posterioris (NLTp). Several ir perikarya were present in the nucleus posterioris tuberis; however, unlike in other regions the males revealed fewer neurons than females. Besides the established innervation of the pituitary gland by the NPP, NPO and NLT, the present study revealed GAL-ir perikarya of these nuclei apparently also innervating the telencephalon, thalamus, optic tectum, tegmentum and even some areas of the rhombencephalon. Isolated perikarya were found in the nucleus posterioris periventricularis, the dorsal vicinities of the nucleus recessus lateralis (NRL), nucleus recessus posterioris, and nucleus saccus vasculosus, and in the medulla oblongata ventral to the vagal lobes. In the pituitary gland, GAL-ir fibers ramify and terminate among the pars distalis cells. A small percentage of growth hormone-secreting cells colocalize GAL. In males, most GAL-ir cells of the proximal pars distalis (PPD) showed granular ir product in the entire cell, and some had one or two large granules; in females the ir PPD cells showed clusters of a few fine ir granules of uniform size in each. Sexual dimorphism was also found in the olfactory bulb, telencephalon, infundibulum, mesencephalic tegmentum, optic tectum and medulla oblongata, the males having a more extensive GAL-ir fiber system than the females. Galanin may play a role in both hypophysiotropic and motor functions.
在金鱼的脑和垂体中发现了甘丙肽（GAL）样免疫反应性（ir）神经元和纤维的两性异形分布。在终脑腹侧部前连合上方的连合上部中发现了最前端的GAL-ir核周体。在间脑中，室周视前核（NPP）中有几个GAL-ir核周体。雄性在视前核小细胞部（NPOpp）中有许多GAL-ir核周体，在视前核大细胞部和视前核外侧有单个的GAL-ir核周体；而在雌性中，在这些部位未发现GAL-ir核周体。在外侧结节后部核（NLTp）中观察到一个大的GAL-ir神经元聚集。结节后核中有几个ir核周体；然而，与其他区域不同的是，雄性的神经元比雌性少。除了已确定的NPP、NPO和NLT对垂体的神经支配外，本研究还发现这些核的GAL-ir核周体显然也支配终脑、丘脑、视顶盖、被盖，甚至后脑的一些区域。在室周后核、外侧隐窝核（NRL）背侧附近、后隐窝核和血管囊核以及迷走叶腹侧的延髓中发现了单个核周体。在垂体中，GAL-ir纤维在远侧部细胞之间分支并终止。一小部分分泌生长激素的细胞共定位有GAL。在雄性中，远侧部近端（PPD）的大多数GAL-ir细胞在整个细胞中显示颗粒状ir产物，有些有一两个大颗粒；在雌性中，ir PPD细胞在每个细胞中显示一簇大小均匀的细ir颗粒。在嗅球、终脑、漏斗、中脑被盖、视顶盖和延髓中也发现了两性异形，雄性的GAL-ir纤维系统比雌性更广泛。甘丙肽可能在促垂体功能和运动功能中都起作用。
