el-Amine Ali Halidi M
Sante. 1995 Nov-Dec;5(6):362-7.
Discovered as a form of intermittent fevers in 1852 and confirmed by Blin in 1905, malaria has had a large impact on the mortality and the morbidity of the population living in Mayotte until 1976. An evolutionary analysis of the disease shows two distinct periods. The first period between 1792 and 1974 concerns the date of introduction of malaria to the island and the limited actions of the fight against malaria led by different organizations. The second period from 1976, when the program was established, to today could be entitled "18 years of fighting malaria in Mayotte". The second period has featured many events punctuated by two epidemics in 1984 and 1991. The results obtained in terms of the fight against malaria are characterized by a rapid fall of the transmission between 1976 and 1980, a resurgence of an epidemic in 1984, a cessation of the transmission in 1986, an explosive epidemic in 1991, and maintenance of the microcenters of epidemics since 1991 to today. They demonstrate the fragility of the conditions and prove that the ecosystem of Mayotte remains favorable to deterioration of the situation. These sero-epidemiological studies based on the estimation of the "geometrical rate of antibodies" allows for compensation of the techniques of parasitic evaluation when the index of malaria becomes very low. The principal vector Anopheles gambiae has adapted to the many varieties of natural habitats and to those of human origin due to environmental modification. Also the parasite, originating from the endemic residential zones, has been quasi-permanently introduced to the island. Thus, we are obliged to consolidate and diversify our means, notably towards a periodic evaluation of the phenomenon of in vivo resistance to chloroquine. This objective could be integrated within the framework of regional scientific cooperation. Moreover, the use of mosquito bed nets impregnated with pesticides is beginning to be the answer to the problem of people refusing to spray insecticide within their homes.
疟疾于1852年被发现为一种间歇性发热形式，并于1905年被布林证实，直到1976年，它对马约特岛居民的死亡率和发病率都产生了重大影响。对该疾病的进化分析显示出两个不同的时期。1792年至1974年的第一个时期涉及疟疾传入该岛的日期以及不同组织领导的有限的疟疾防治行动。第二个时期从1976年该项目设立至今，可称为“马约特岛18年的疟疾防治”。第二个时期有许多事件，其中以1984年和1991年的两次疫情为突出标志。在疟疾防治方面取得的成果特点是，1976年至1980年传播迅速下降，1984年疫情复发，1986年传播停止，1991年爆发疫情，自1991年至今疫情微型中心持续存在。这些结果表明情况很脆弱，并证明马约特岛的生态系统仍然有利于情况恶化。这些基于“抗体几何率”估计的血清流行病学研究，在疟疾指数变得非常低时，可以补充寄生虫评估技术。主要病媒冈比亚按蚊由于环境改变，已适应了多种自然栖息地和人为栖息地。同样，源自地方流行居住地区的寄生虫也几乎被永久性地引入该岛。因此，我们必须巩固和多样化我们的手段，特别是要定期评估体内对氯喹的耐药现象。这一目标可纳入区域科学合作框架。此外，使用浸有杀虫剂的蚊帐开始成为解决人们拒绝在其家中喷洒杀虫剂这一问题的办法。
