Coggins R, Reader A, Nist R, Beck M, Meyers W J
Ohio State University, USA.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1996 Jun;81(6):634-41. doi: 10.1016/s1079-2104(96)80067-9.
The objective of this study was to determine the anesthetic efficacy of the intraosseous injection as a primary technique in human maxillary and mandibular teeth.
Forty subjects received two sets of intraosseous injections with 1.8 ml of 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine at two successive appointments. The experimental teeth consisted of 40 groups of maxillary and mandibular first molars and lateral incisors. Each experimental tooth and adjacent teeth were tested with an electric pulp tester at 4-minute cycles for 60 minutes. Anesthetic success was defined as no subject response to the maximum output of the pulp tester (80 reading) for two consecutive readings.
Anesthetic success occurred in 75% of mandibular first molars, in 93% of maxillary first molars, in 78% of mandibular lateral incisors, and in 90% of maxillary lateral incisors. Overall, for the intraosseous injection onset was immediate, the duration of pulpal anesthesia steadily declined over the 60 minutes, there was a 78% incidence of subjective increase in heart rate, the majority of the subjects had no pain or mild pain with perforation and solution deposition, and 3% of the subjects had slow healing perforation sites.
The results of this study indicate that the intraosseous injection may provide pulpal anesthesia in 75% to 93% of noninflamed teeth as a primary technique. However, the duration of pulpal anesthesia declines steadily over an hour.
本研究的目的是确定骨内注射作为人类上颌和下颌牙齿的主要麻醉技术的麻醉效果。
40名受试者在连续两次就诊时接受两组骨内注射，每组注射1.8毫升含1:100,000肾上腺素的2%利多卡因。实验牙齿包括40组上颌和下颌第一磨牙及侧切牙。每个实验牙齿及其相邻牙齿使用牙髓电活力测试仪以4分钟为周期测试60分钟。麻醉成功定义为连续两次读数时受试者对牙髓测试仪的最大输出（80读数）无反应。
下颌第一磨牙的麻醉成功率为75%，上颌第一磨牙为93%，下颌侧切牙为78%，上颌侧切牙为90%。总体而言，骨内注射起效迅速，牙髓麻醉持续时间在60分钟内稳步下降，心率主观增加的发生率为78%，大多数受试者在穿孔和溶液注入时无疼痛或轻度疼痛，3%的受试者穿孔部位愈合缓慢。
本研究结果表明，骨内注射作为主要技术可为75%至93%的非炎症牙齿提供牙髓麻醉。然而，牙髓麻醉的持续时间在一小时内稳步下降。
