Yao G B
Jingan Clinical Immunology Research Centre, Jingan Qu Central Hospital, Shanghai, China.
Gut. 1996;38 Suppl 2(Suppl 2):S39-42. doi: 10.1136/gut.38.suppl_2.s39.
China has one of the highest rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) endemicity in the world. In a survey of five provinces, the overall HBV infection rate in the general population was found to be 42.6%, with 10.3% testing positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Higher rates were found in rural than in urban areas. The prevalence of HBsAg among children under 1 year of age is quite low but increases rapidly thereafter, reaching a peak among 5 to 9 year olds. The pattern of age distribution suggests that horizontal transmission is an important route of HBV infection during early childhood, and the proportion of chronic HBsAg carriage attributable to perinatal transmission has been estimated at only 13-20%. Contact with infected family members probably accounts for much of the horizontal transmission in children. In a nationwide survey, 27.2% of families were found to have one or more HBsAg positive members and a strong tendency for family clustering has been identified. The strategy for prevention of HBV infection includes vaccination of all newborns, whether their mothers are HBsAg positive or negative, together with vaccination of high risk populations, and improved control measures in clinics and blood transfusion centres.
中国是世界上乙肝病毒（HBV）地方流行率最高的国家之一。在一项对五个省份的调查中，普通人群的总体HBV感染率为42.6%，乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）检测阳性率为10.3%。农村地区的感染率高于城市地区。1岁以下儿童的HBsAg流行率相当低，但此后迅速上升，在5至9岁儿童中达到峰值。年龄分布模式表明，水平传播是幼儿期HBV感染的重要途径，据估计，围产期传播导致的慢性HBsAg携带比例仅为13%-20%。与受感染家庭成员的接触可能是儿童水平传播的主要原因。在一项全国性调查中，发现27.2%的家庭有一名或多名HBsAg阳性成员，并且已确定存在强烈的家庭聚集倾向。预防HBV感染的策略包括对所有新生儿进行疫苗接种，无论其母亲HBsAg阳性或阴性，同时对高危人群进行疫苗接种，并改善诊所和输血中心的控制措施。
