Weiss W P
Department of Dairy Science, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster 44691, USA.
J Dairy Sci. 1995 Aug;78(8):1802-14. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(95)76805-9.
Twenty Holstein cows were fed diets based on a mix of haycrop silage (immature orchardgrass or immature alfalfa) and corn silage with a conventional concentrate (primarily ground ear corn and soybean meal) or a concentrate based on by-products (primarily soyhulls, fish meal, and corn gluten meal). Diets for periods 1 (7 to 134 DIM), 2 (135 to 234 DIM), and 3 (235 to 305 DIM) were 40:10:50, 40:20:40, and 40:30:30 haycrop silage:corn silage:concentrate (DM basis), respectively. Dietary NDF ranged from 33 to 45%. The species of haycrop forage fed in combination with corn silage did not greatly affect milk production (mean = 28 kg/d), milk composition, nutrient digestibility, or DMI (expressed on a BW basis). Cows fed alfalfa gained more BW than those fed orchardgrass (.18 vs. .03 kg/d). Cows fed by-products produced similar amounts of milk, more milk fat (1.1 vs. .9 kg/d), and had higher DMI (21.4 vs. 19.6 kg/d) but lower BW gains (.03 vs. .18 kd/d) than those fed conventional concentrate. These data showed that a mix of high quality orchardgrass and corn silage is acceptable for dairy cows and that supplementation strategies are similar for diets based on orchardgrass and those based on alfalfa.
选用20头荷斯坦奶牛，给它们饲喂以干草青贮料（未成熟的果园草或未成熟的苜蓿）和玉米青贮料的混合物为基础的日粮，并搭配传统精饲料（主要是磨碎的玉米穗轴和豆粕）或基于副产品的精饲料（主要是豆皮、鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉）。第1阶段（产犊后7至134天）、第2阶段（135至234天）和第3阶段（235至305天）的日粮中，干草青贮料、玉米青贮料和精饲料的比例（干物质基础）分别为40:10:50、40:20:40和40:30:30。日粮中性洗涤纤维含量在33%至45%之间。与玉米青贮料搭配饲喂的干草青贮料品种对产奶量（平均为28千克/天）、乳成分、养分消化率或干物质采食量（以体重为基础表示）影响不大。饲喂苜蓿的奶牛体重增加量比饲喂果园草的奶牛多（分别为0.18千克/天和0.03千克/天）。与饲喂传统精饲料的奶牛相比，饲喂副产品的奶牛产奶量相近，但乳脂更多（分别为1.1千克/天和0.9千克/天），干物质采食量更高（分别为21.4千克/天和19.6千克/天），但体重增加量更低（分别为0.03千克/天和0.18千克/天）。这些数据表明，优质果园草和玉米青贮料的混合物对奶牛是可以接受的，并且基于果园草的日粮和基于苜蓿的日粮的补充策略相似。
