Sowunmi A, Oduola A M, Ilesanmi A O, Salako L A
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Ann Trop Paediatr. 1996 Mar;16(1):5-9. doi: 10.1080/02724936.1996.11747797.
The efficacy of intramuscular artemether given for 5 days and a single oral dose of mefloquine, 25 mg/kg/body-weight, was evaluated in 84 children with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia ( > 5% parasitized erythrocytes). Follow-up was for 14 days in the artemether group and 28 days in the mefloquine group. Artemether produced a significantly higher parasite reduction at 24 hours [mean 90.6 vs 63.3%, 95% confidence interval 10.7-43.9] and significantly shorter parasite clearance time [mean 38.4 vs 49.3 hours, 95% confidence interval 5.5-16.3] than mefloquine. Fever clearance times were similar, presumably because of the use of an antipyretic in both treatment groups. Cure rate was 98% with artemether on day 14 and 100% with mefloquine on day 28. One child in the artemether group who had recurrence of parasitaemia on day 14 responded promptly to mefloquine with clearance of parasitaemia and fever at 24 hours. Although both drugs were well tolerated, mefloquine produced more episodes of abdominal pain with or without diarrhoea and vomiting. These results suggest that both drugs are effective in uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum hyperparasitaemia in children from an endemic area of south-west Nigeria.
对84名患有单纯性恶性疟原虫高寄生虫血症（寄生虫感染红细胞>5%）的儿童，评估了连续5天肌肉注射蒿甲醚和单剂量口服甲氟喹（25mg/kg体重）的疗效。蒿甲醚组随访14天，甲氟喹组随访28天。与甲氟喹相比，蒿甲醚在24小时时寄生虫减少率显著更高[平均90.6%对63.3%，95%置信区间10.7 - 43.9]，寄生虫清除时间显著更短[平均38.4小时对49.3小时，95%置信区间5.5 - 16.3]。退热时间相似，可能是因为两个治疗组均使用了退烧药。蒿甲醚在第14天的治愈率为98%，甲氟喹在第28天的治愈率为100%。蒿甲醚组有1名儿童在第14天寄生虫血症复发，对甲氟喹迅速产生反应，24小时时寄生虫血症和发热消退。虽然两种药物耐受性均良好，但甲氟喹导致更多腹痛发作，伴有或不伴有腹泻和呕吐。这些结果表明，这两种药物对尼日利亚西南部流行地区儿童的单纯性恶性疟原虫高寄生虫血症均有效。
