Cao Y, Wilcox K S, Martin C E, Rachinsky T L, Eberwine J, Dichter M A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Sep 3;93(18):9844-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9844.
Neurons in very low density hippocampal cultures that are physiologically identified as either GABAergic inhibitory or glutamatergic excitatory all contain mRNA for the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), as detected by single cell mRNA amplification and PCR. However, consistent with the physiology, immunocytochemistry revealed that only a subset of the neurons stain for either GAD protein or GABA. A similar fraction hybridize with RNA probes for GAD65 and GAD67. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons in slice preparations, which are traditionally thought to be excitatory, also contain mRNA for GAD65 and GAD67. Hippocampal neurons in culture did not contain mRNA for two other neurotransmitter synthesizing enzymes, tyrosine hydroxylase, and choline acetyl transferase. These data suggest that in some neurons, presumably the excitatory neurons, GAD mRNA is selectively regulated at the level of translation. We propose that neurotransmitter phenotype may be posttranscriptionally regulated and neurons may exhibit transient phenotypic plasticity in response to environmental influences.
在极低密度海马体培养物中，通过单细胞mRNA扩增和聚合酶链反应（PCR）检测发现，经生理学鉴定为γ-氨基丁酸（GABA）能抑制性或谷氨酸能兴奋性的神经元均含有GABA合成酶谷氨酸脱羧酶（GAD）的mRNA。然而，与生理学结果一致，免疫细胞化学显示只有一部分神经元对GAD蛋白或GABA呈阳性染色。类似比例的神经元与GAD65和GAD67的RNA探针杂交。传统上认为是兴奋性的脑片制备中的海马CA1锥体神经元也含有GAD65和GAD67的mRNA。培养的海马神经元不含另外两种神经递质合成酶——酪氨酸羟化酶和胆碱乙酰转移酶的mRNA。这些数据表明，在某些神经元中，可能是兴奋性神经元，GAD mRNA在翻译水平受到选择性调控。我们提出神经递质表型可能在转录后受到调控，并且神经元可能会对环境影响表现出短暂的表型可塑性。
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