Erecinska M, Silver I A
Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6084, USA.
Adv Neurol. 1996;71:119-36.
Despite the complexity of the mechanisms that control free calcium concentration in neural cells, considerable advances have been made recently in the understanding of the entry and exit pathways of the ion through application of selective channel and receptor blockers. In addition, useful knowledge has been gained of the internal regulation of calcium movements and the factors that lead to mobilization of the ions into, or their sequestration from, the cytosol. It is clear that calcium homeostasis is crucial to cell metabolism and survival, and that relatively small deviations from the norm can have serious or lethal consequences. It appears that many of the experimental tools are now available to assist in the elucidation of the mechanisms controlling intracellular calcium concentration in vitro. Nevertheless, it has to be accepted that however valuable results from model systems may be, the final testing of any hypothesis concerning the importance of calcium homeostasis in the intact brain requires extensive experimental and clinical investigations in vivo. Information obtained in vitro, if convincingly confirmed by in vivo studies, may well be crucial in formulating strategies to combat a wide range of pathologic conditions.
尽管控制神经细胞中游离钙浓度的机制很复杂，但最近通过应用选择性通道和受体阻滞剂，在理解离子的进出途径方面取得了相当大的进展。此外，对于钙运动的内部调节以及导致离子动员进入或从细胞质中隔离的因素也有了有用的认识。很明显，钙稳态对细胞代谢和存活至关重要，并且与正常水平的相对小偏差可能会产生严重或致命的后果。似乎现在有许多实验工具可用于协助阐明体外控制细胞内钙浓度的机制。然而，必须承认，无论模型系统的结果多么有价值，任何关于钙稳态在完整大脑中的重要性的假设的最终检验都需要在体内进行广泛的实验和临床研究。如果体内研究令人信服地证实了体外获得的信息，那么这些信息在制定对抗各种病理状况的策略方面可能至关重要。
