Davison S, Benson C E, Eckroade R J
Laboratory of Avian Medicine and Pathology, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square 19348, USA.
Avian Dis. 1996 Apr-Jun;40(2):272-7.
Five classes of disinfectants (phenol, quaternary ammonium, chlorine, glutaraldehyde, and a combination of quaternary ammonium and formaldehyde) were diluted in "field" water (well, stream, or pond water) and compared with dilutions of the disinfectants in laboratory-grade water for their efficacy against the AOAC (Association of Official Agricultural Chemists) test organism Salmonella cholerasuis (ATCC 10708), S. enteritidis isolated from the spleen of an infected laying hen, and an egg-invasive S. enteritidis isolate. In all cases when S. cholerasuis was used, there was a significant association between the use of well, pond, and stream water and the growth of the bacterium. If we exclude glutaraldehyde, there was also a significant association between the use of "field" water and the growth of both isolates of S. enteritidis. There was no significant association when glutaraldehyde was used. There was a significant association between the use of lab water and the growth of S. enteritidis. The results suggested that the inability to remove S. enteritidis from layer houses may in part be associated with the source of water. Variables in pH, hardness, conductivity, nitrate content, or bacterial contamination of the water did not appear to affect the ability of the disinfectant to kill S. enteritidis. If "field" water is used for disinfection against S. enteritidis, the use of quaternary ammonium, the combination (quaternary ammonium/formaldehyde), or phenol should be considered.
将五类消毒剂（苯酚、季铵盐、氯、戊二醛以及季铵盐与甲醛的混合物）分别在“现场”水（井水、溪水或池塘水）中进行稀释，并与在实验室级水中的消毒剂稀释液进行比较，以考察其对美国官方农业化学家协会（AOAC）的测试菌株猪霍乱沙门氏菌（ATCC 10708）、从感染蛋鸡脾脏分离出的肠炎沙门氏菌以及一株具有侵袭鸡蛋能力的肠炎沙门氏菌分离株的杀灭效果。在所有使用猪霍乱沙门氏菌的情况下，使用井水、池塘水和溪水与该细菌的生长之间均存在显著关联。若排除戊二醛，使用“现场”水与两株肠炎沙门氏菌分离株的生长之间也存在显著关联。使用戊二醛时则无显著关联。使用实验室水与肠炎沙门氏菌的生长之间存在显著关联。结果表明，蛋鸡舍中无法清除肠炎沙门氏菌可能部分与水源有关。水的pH值、硬度、电导率、硝酸盐含量或细菌污染等变量似乎并未影响消毒剂杀灭肠炎沙门氏菌的能力。若使用“现场”水对肠炎沙门氏菌进行消毒，应考虑使用季铵盐、（季铵盐/甲醛）混合物或苯酚。
