Fractures of the calcaneus. Part II: Treatment.

Extra-articular fracture management of the calcaneus is well accepted. Despite advancements, there is still no consensus on the treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures. Although the results of open reduction and internal fixation appear promising, evaluation is difficult because there is no universally accepted classification system. We believe that a consensus is developing for the evaluation, staging, and treatment of the acute calcaneus fracture and its chronic problems. Advancements in the understanding of the anatomy, injury mechanism, and classification of calcaneal fractures were presented in Part I (Foot & Ankle International, 17(4):230-235, 1996). Treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures gives superior results when anatomic reduction of the subtalar joint is achieved.