Rylander E, Eriksson M, Pershagen G, Nordvall L, Ehrnst A, Ziegler T
Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 1996 Feb;7(1):6-11. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00099.x.
Risk factors for severe wheezing bronchitis were studied in children aged 4 months to 4 years in need of hospitalization. The children included in the study consisted of all cases generated from a geographically defined population, the catchment area of St Göran's hospital in Stockholm. The incidence was 3/1000 children and year, during the two years of observation, with the highest rate in boys under the age of 18 months (4.7/1000). Symptoms of a preceding upper respiratory tract infection were reported in 90% of the cases, but a viral etiology could only be demonstrated with virus isolation in 26%. Respiratory syncytial virus was the most common finding in younger children. Rhinovirus was primarily seen in older children with a history of previous wheezing. Regardless of whether the cases had a positive or negative virus isolation they showed the same seasonal distribution. Furthermore, there was no difference in risk factors between children with a positive and negative virus isolation. Children older than 18 months with negative virus isolation had higher IgE levels than those with positive isolation, suggesting that atopy is of greater importance in this group.
对4个月至4岁需住院治疗的儿童严重喘息性支气管炎的危险因素进行了研究。纳入研究的儿童包括来自地理界定人群（斯德哥尔摩圣戈兰医院的服务区域）的所有病例。在两年的观察期内，发病率为每1000名儿童每年3例，18个月以下男孩的发病率最高（4.7/1000）。90%的病例报告有先前上呼吸道感染的症状，但只有26%的病例通过病毒分离证实有病毒病因。呼吸道合胞病毒是年幼儿童中最常见的发现。鼻病毒主要见于有喘息病史的大龄儿童。无论病例的病毒分离结果是阳性还是阴性，它们都表现出相同的季节分布。此外，病毒分离阳性和阴性的儿童在危险因素方面没有差异。病毒分离阴性的18个月以上儿童的IgE水平高于病毒分离阳性的儿童，这表明特应性在该组中更为重要。
