光固化造型指甲引起的职业性变应性接触性皮炎及指甲化妆品中（甲基）丙烯酸酯类的综述

Occupational allergic contact dermatitis caused by photobonded sculptured nails and a review of (meth) acrylates in nail cosmetics.

作者信息

Kanerva L, Lauerma A, Estlander T, Alanko K, Henriks-Eckerman M L, Jolanki R

机构信息

Section of Dermatology, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland.

出版信息

Am J Contact Dermat. 1996 Jun;7(2):109-15.

PMID:8796752

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mono(meth)acrylates (monoacrylates and monomethacrylates) are moderate to strong sensitizers. They are used in the production of a great variety of polymers, including nail cosmetics.

OBJECTIVE

A patient who became occupationally sensitized to photobonded sculptured nails is reported. Detailed patch testing and analyses of the patient's nail cosmetics containing mono(meth)acrylates clarified the cause of her hand and face dermatitis. The current knowledge on mono(meth)acrylates in nail cosmetics is also reviewed.

METHODS

Patch testings with conventional methods, including patch testing with the patient's own substances, were performed. The patient's nail cosmetics suspected of containing mono(meth)acrylates were analyzed with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis.

RESULTS

In the (meth)acrylate series, 15 of the 31 (meth)acrylate compounds tested gave an allergic reaction: 2 acrylates, 5 methacrylates, 3 dimethacrylates, and 5 diacrylates. Epoxy diacrylates, cyanoacrylate, triacrylates, and methacrylic acid were negative. Three of seven of her own nail cosmetic preparations contained mono(meth)acrylates as revealed by the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis, and these also gave allergic patch test reactions, namely, the nail liquid, nail hardener, and UV-cured nail gel.

CONCLUSION

The patient probably had been sensitized to the following (meth)acrylate compounds from her nail cosmetics: tripropylene glycol diacrylate and methyl acrylate from her photobonded nail gel; ethyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and methyl methacrylate from her nail liquid; and butyl methacrylate from her nail hardener. She was probably also sensitized to the rare sensitizer aliphatic urethane diacrylate, but the source was not verified. Because nail cosmetics containing mono(meth)acrylates are strong sensitizers, both the workers and the customers should be aware of their sensitizing capacity; they should use no-touch techniques regarding the skin before the mono(meth)acrylates are polymerized.

摘要

背景

单（甲基）丙烯酸酯（单丙烯酸酯和单甲基丙烯酸酯）是中度至强效致敏剂。它们用于生产多种聚合物，包括美甲化妆品。

目的

报告一例对光固化造型指甲产生职业性致敏的患者。通过对该患者含单（甲基）丙烯酸酯的美甲化妆品进行详细的斑贴试验和分析，明确了其手部和面部皮炎的病因。同时对美甲化妆品中有关单（甲基）丙烯酸酯的现有知识也进行了综述。

方法

采用常规方法进行斑贴试验，包括用患者自身物质进行斑贴试验。对怀疑含有单（甲基）丙烯酸酯的患者美甲化妆品进行气相色谱/质谱分析。

结果

在（甲基）丙烯酸酯系列中，所测试的31种（甲基）丙烯酸酯化合物中有15种引起过敏反应：2种丙烯酸酯、5种甲基丙烯酸酯、3种二甲基丙烯酸酯和5种二丙烯酸酯。环氧二丙烯酸酯、氰基丙烯酸酯、三丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸呈阴性。气相色谱/质谱分析显示，她的七种自制美甲化妆品中有三种含有单（甲基）丙烯酸酯，这些也产生了过敏斑贴试验反应，即甲液、甲胶和紫外线固化甲凝胶。

结论

该患者可能因美甲化妆品中的以下（甲基）丙烯酸酯化合物而致敏：光固化甲凝胶中的三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和丙烯酸甲酯；甲液中的甲基丙烯酸乙酯、三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯；以及甲胶中的甲基丙烯酸丁酯。她可能还对罕见的致敏剂脂肪族聚氨酯二丙烯酸酯致敏，但来源未得到证实。由于含单（甲基）丙烯酸酯的美甲化妆品是强效致敏剂，工作人员和消费者都应意识到其致敏能力；在单（甲基）丙烯酸酯聚合之前，应采用不接触皮肤的技术。