Lalueza C, Pérez-Pérez A, Turbón D
Department of Animal Biology, Biology Faculty, University of Barcelona, Spain.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 1996 Jul;100(3):367-87. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(199607)100:3<367::AID-AJPA5>3.0.CO;2-R.
Buccal microwear has been studied in a sample of 153 molar teeth from different modern hunter-gatherer, pastoralist, and agriculturalist groups, with different diets (Inuit, Fueguians, Bushmen, Australian aborigines, Andamanese, Indians from Vancouver, Veddahs, Tasmanians, Lapps, and Hindus), preserved at museum collections. Molds of an area of the buccal surface have been obtained and observed at 100x magnification in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The length and orientation of each striation have been determined with a semiautomatic program of an image analyzer system (IBAS). Results show that intergroup variability is significantly higher than the intragroup variability. There exists a tendency toward fewer striations and a higher proportion of vertical striations in the carnivorous groups than in the vegetarian ones. This microwear pattern is concordant with biomechanics (predominantly vertical mandible movements in meat eaters) and phytolith content in plants (more abrasive particles in vegetarian diets). The variability found has been used in a multivariate analysis as a base to compare the microwear pattern of a sample of 20 Middle and Upper Pleistocene fossils, mainly from Europe, analyzed with the same methodology. The sample includes specimens usually classified as archaic H. sapiens (Broken Hill, Banyoles, Montmaurin, La Chaise-Suard, La Chaise-Bourgeios et Delaunay), Neanderthal (La Quina V, Gibraltar 2, Tabun 1 and 2, Amud 1, Malarnaud, St. Cesaire, Marillac), and anatomically modern H. sapiens (Skhül 4, Qafzeh 9, Cro-Magnon 4, Abri-Pataud, Veyrier, La Madelaine, Rond-du-Barry). Results indicate that some of the Neanderthal specimens have a microwear pattern close to that of the carnivorous groups (such as Inuit and Fueguians), suggesting that these individuals follow a hunter strategy. In contrast, archaic H. sapiens and H. sapiens sapiens seem to have a more abrasive diet, probably more depending on vegetable materials, than the Neanderthals.
在博物馆馆藏中保存着来自不同现代狩猎采集者、牧民和农业群体（因纽特人、火地岛人、布须曼人、澳大利亚原住民、安达曼人、温哥华印第安人、维达人、塔斯马尼亚人、拉普人以及印度教徒）的153颗磨牙样本，对其颊面微磨损情况进行了研究。获取了颊面区域的铸模，并在扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下以100倍放大率进行观察。利用图像分析系统（IBAS）的半自动程序确定了每条条纹的长度和方向。结果表明，组间变异性显著高于组内变异性。与素食群体相比，肉食群体中条纹数量有减少的趋势，且垂直条纹的比例更高。这种微磨损模式与生物力学（肉食者下颌运动主要为垂直方向）以及植物中的植硅体含量（素食饮食中有更多磨蚀性颗粒）相一致。所发现的变异性已用于多变量分析，以此为基础比较了采用相同方法分析的20个中更新世和上更新世化石样本（主要来自欧洲）的微磨损模式。该样本包括通常被归类为古老智人（布罗肯希尔、巴尼奥尔斯、蒙特莫兰、拉沙伊 - 叙阿尔德、拉沙伊 - 布尔热约斯和德洛奈）、尼安德特人（拉基纳V、直布罗陀2、塔邦1和2、阿穆德1、马拉尔瑙、圣塞泽尔、马里亚克）以及解剖学上的现代智人（斯虎尔4、卡夫泽9、克罗马农4、阿布里 - 帕托、韦里尔、拉马德莱娜、朗德 - 迪巴里）的标本。结果表明，一些尼安德特人标本的微磨损模式与肉食群体（如因纽特人和火地岛人）相近，这表明这些个体采取的是狩猎策略。相比之下，古老智人和现代智人似乎比尼安德特人有着更具磨蚀性的饮食，可能更依赖植物性材料。
