Rao S S, Bontrager E L, Gronley J K, Newsam C J, Perry J
Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center, Pathokinesiology Laboratory, Downey, CA 90242, USA.
IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng. 1996 Sep;4(3):152-60. doi: 10.1109/86.536770.
A three-dimensional (3-D) biomechanical model was used to determine upper extremity kinematics of 16 male subjects with low-level paraplegia while performing wheelchair propulsion (WCP). A six-camera VICON motion analysis system was used to acquire the coordinate data of ten anatomic markers. Joint axes for the wrist and elbow were defined along with the planes of motion for the upper arm (humerus) and trunk. The group's mean and standard deviation profiles were graphed for eight of the nine rotations measured during WCP. Variability in the intercycle and intersubject movement patterns were calculated using the root mean square standard deviation (RMS sigma) and the coefficient of variation (CV). Motion pattern similarities were quantified using the coefficient of multiple correlation (CMC). The intercycle (Nc > or = 6) motion patterns of individual subjects were highly consistent, similar, and repeatable during WCP. This was confirmed by low CVc values (3-31%), high CMCc values (0.724-0.996) and RMS sigma c values below 3.2 degrees. For the group, mean values of the propulsion velocity, cadence, and propulsion cycle duration were 89.7 m/min, 66.1 pushes/min, and 0.96 s, respectively. Humeral plane and rotation showed large excursions (76.1-81.6 degrees), while trunk lean and forearm carrying angle displayed relatively small ranges of motion (5.5-10.9 degrees). The intersubject (N3 = 16) motion patterns were less similar compared to individual intercycle patterns. This was evidenced by higher CVc values (12-128%) and lower CMC3 values (0.418-0.935). Intersubject humeral patterns were the most consistent while trunk lean was the least consistent. Intersubject root mean square standard deviations (RMS sigma c) were more than three times the corresponding intercycle values for all nine rotations.
使用三维（3-D）生物力学模型来确定16名轻度截瘫男性受试者在进行轮椅推进（WCP）时的上肢运动学。使用六相机VICON运动分析系统获取十个解剖标记的坐标数据。定义了手腕和肘部的关节轴以及上臂（肱骨）和躯干的运动平面。绘制了WCP期间测量的九个旋转中的八个旋转的组平均和标准差曲线。使用均方根标准差（RMS sigma）和变异系数（CV）计算周期间和受试者间运动模式的变异性。使用多重相关系数（CMC）对运动模式相似性进行量化。在WCP期间，个体受试者的周期间（Nc≥6）运动模式高度一致、相似且可重复。低CVc值（3-31%）、高CMCc值（0.724-0.996）和低于3.2度的RMS sigma c值证实了这一点。对于该组，推进速度、踏频和推进周期持续时间的平均值分别为89.7米/分钟、66.1推/分钟和0.96秒。肱骨平面和旋转显示出较大的偏移（76.1-81.6度），而躯干倾斜和前臂携带角度显示出相对较小的运动范围（5.5-10.9度）。与个体周期间模式相比，受试者间（N3 = 16）运动模式的相似性较低。这由较高的CVc值（12-128%）和较低的CMC3值（0.418-0.935）证明。受试者间肱骨模式最一致，而躯干倾斜最不一致。对于所有九个旋转，受试者间均方根标准差（RMS sigma c）是相应周期间值的三倍以上。
