Lotan R
Department of Tumor Biology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, USA.
FASEB J. 1996 Jul;10(9):1031-9. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.10.9.8801164.
Naturally occurring and synthetic vitamin A metabolites and analogs (retinoids) inhibit tumor development in a variety of cellular, animal, and patient studies. They suppress transformation of cells in vitro and inhibit carcinogenesis in various organs in animal models. In a mouse skin carcinogenesis model, topical retinoids exhibit suppressive effects on tumor promotion, but have no effect on tumor initiation. In other models, retinoids administered in the diet suppress tumor development even in an adjuvant setting after excision of the first tumor. Retinoids suppress carcinogenesis in individuals with premalignant lesions and a high risk to develop cancer of the aerodigestive tract. Likewise, retinoids prevent the development of second primary cancers in head/neck and lung cancer patients who had been treated for the first primary. The mechanisms underlying the anticarcinogenic activity of retinoids appear to be associated with the ability of retinoids to modulate the growth, differentiation, and apoptosis of normal, premalignant, and malignant cells in vitro and in vivo. Most of these effects are mediated by nuclear retinoid receptors, but other mechanisms may also be involved. These studies indicate that retinoids are potentially useful agent for cancer chemoprevention.
在各种细胞、动物和患者研究中，天然存在的及合成的维生素A代谢产物和类似物（类视黄醇）可抑制肿瘤发展。它们在体外可抑制细胞转化，并在动物模型中的各种器官中抑制致癌作用。在小鼠皮肤致癌模型中，局部应用类视黄醇对肿瘤促进具有抑制作用，但对肿瘤起始无作用。在其他模型中，即使在切除第一个肿瘤后的辅助治疗环境下，饮食中给予类视黄醇也可抑制肿瘤发展。类视黄醇可抑制具有癌前病变且患气消化道癌症风险高的个体的致癌作用。同样，类视黄醇可预防已接受首个原发性肿瘤治疗的头颈癌和肺癌患者发生第二原发性癌症。类视黄醇抗癌活性的潜在机制似乎与类视黄醇在体外和体内调节正常、癌前和恶性细胞的生长、分化及凋亡的能力有关。这些作用大多由核类视黄醇受体介导，但也可能涉及其他机制。这些研究表明，类视黄醇是癌症化学预防的潜在有用药物。
