Ruppert S D
University of Texas-Houston Health Science Center School of Nursing, USA.
Nurse Pract. 1996 Apr;21(4):38-42, 44, 47-8.
Pharyngitis or sore throat is a common result of illness in pediatric and adolescent populations. Sore throat can signal either nonsystemic or systemic disease processes. Clinicians in ambulatory settings are often faced with deriving a differential diagnosis based on this symptom. Prompt and appropriate treatment depends on identification of the underlying causative agent or illness. This article examines common causes of sore throat in the pediatric and adolescent populations. These diagnoses are: (1) group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis; (2) non-group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal bacterial pharyngitis; (3) viral pharyngitis; (4) infectious mononucleosis; and (5) chronic conditions. Less common causes are also considered. Differential diagnosis is dependent on complete and accurate history, distinct physical finding, and interpretation of adjunct diagnostic tests. The value of critical data sources is essential in arriving at a differential diagnosis of pharyngitis. Once a diagnosis is established, an appropriate treatment plan can be initiated.
咽炎或喉咙痛是儿科和青少年群体常见的疾病症状。喉咙痛可能预示非全身性或全身性疾病进程。门诊环境中的临床医生常常需要基于这一症状进行鉴别诊断。及时且恰当的治疗取决于对潜在病原体或疾病的识别。本文探讨儿科和青少年群体喉咙痛的常见病因。这些诊断包括：（1）A组β溶血性链球菌咽炎；（2）非A组β溶血性链球菌性细菌性咽炎；（3）病毒性咽炎；（4）传染性单核细胞增多症；以及（5）慢性病。文中也会考虑不太常见的病因。鉴别诊断依赖于完整准确的病史、明确的体格检查结果以及辅助诊断测试的解读。关键数据源对于得出咽炎的鉴别诊断至关重要。一旦确诊，即可启动恰当的治疗方案。
