Caudell K A
College of Nursing, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, USA.
Oncol Nurs Forum. 1996 Apr;23(3):493-502.
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To review current research examining the effects of behavioral interventions on reducing symptom distress and improving quality of life in patients with cancer and to explore the application of behavioral interventions to patients with leukemia who are immunosuppressed by the disease or its treatment.
Published books, journal articles, and personal experiences.
Interventions such as relaxation training, guided imagery, attentional/cognitive distraction, and therapeutic touch have been found to reduce pain, anxiety, and chemotherapy-related side effects, to elicit the relaxation response, and to improve several aspects of immune function in patients with cancer.
A multicomponent, long-term program of behavioral interventions may provide the greatest and most lasting benefit, but it may be very challenging to implement. However, simple relaxation techniques are not difficult to learn, are not particularly time-consuming or costly to practice, and can be used anywhere.
Nurses in virtually any setting easily can incorporate behavioral modalities into their practices and help patients with leukemia to reduce their physiologic arousal and symptom distress. Nursing research examining the effects of behavioral interventions on immunocompetence and cancer pain in patients with leukemia is needed.
目的/目标：回顾当前关于行为干预对减轻癌症患者症状困扰及改善生活质量影响的研究，并探讨行为干预在因疾病或治疗而免疫抑制的白血病患者中的应用。
已出版的书籍、期刊文章及个人经验。
已发现诸如放松训练、引导式意象、注意力/认知分散及治疗性触摸等干预措施可减轻癌症患者的疼痛、焦虑及化疗相关副作用，引发放松反应，并改善免疫功能的多个方面。
多成分、长期的行为干预计划可能带来最大且最持久的益处，但实施起来可能极具挑战性。然而，简单的放松技巧不难学习，练习起来不太耗时或成本不高，且可在任何地方使用。
几乎在任何环境中的护士都能轻松地将行为方式融入其护理工作中，帮助白血病患者减轻生理唤醒和症状困扰。需要开展护理研究以考察行为干预对白血病患者免疫能力及癌症疼痛的影响。
