Russo A, Franceschi S
Unità di Epidemiologia, Centro Regionale di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy.
Ann Ist Super Sanita. 1996;32(1):65-72.
The present paper examines the epidemiological aspects of cancers of the esophagus. Esophageal cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world. Large geographical and temporal variations in its incidence, even within small areas, suggest that environmental exposure is causally important. Smoking and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for esophageal cancer, and alcohol has been identified as a major cause of this neoplasm in industrialised countries. In addition to smoking and alcohol consumption, dietary habits are important risk determinants of this disease. Epidemiological evidence suggests that nutritional deficiencies and, possibly, ingestion of mycotoxins and nitrosamines are factors for the development of esophageal cancer.
本文探讨了食管癌的流行病学特征。食管癌是全球第六大常见癌症。其发病率在地理和时间上存在很大差异，即使在小范围内也是如此，这表明环境暴露在病因学上具有重要意义。吸烟和饮酒是食管癌的主要危险因素，在工业化国家，酒精已被确认为这种肿瘤的主要病因。除吸烟和饮酒外，饮食习惯也是该疾病重要的风险决定因素。流行病学证据表明，营养缺乏以及可能摄入的霉菌毒素和亚硝胺是食管癌发生的因素。
