Blonc S, Fellmann N, Bedu M, Falgairette G, De Jonge R, Obert P, Beaune B, Spielvogel H, Tellez W, Quintela A, San Miguel J L, Coudert J
Laboratoire de Physiologie de la Performance Motrice, Université Blaise Pascal, Aubière, France.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Jun;80(6):2002-8. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.80.6.2002.
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of high altitude and low socioeconomic status (SES) on aerobic and anaerobic power in 11-yr-old Bolivian girls. At both high (3,600 m) and low (420 m) altitudes, low-SES groups of girls were compared to similarly aged, high-SES girls. At low altitude, low-SES girls were also compared with younger high-SES girls with the same anthropometric characteristics. Anthropometric data were similar between high-SES and low-SES girls at both altitudes, but low-SES girls showed a 9-mo growth delay. Maximal O2 uptake was significantly lower for low-SES girls at both altitudes. Values did not differ when expressed relative to body weight at high altitude for high-SES vs. low-SES girls (37.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 39.3 +/- 1.0 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1), but a difference persisted at low altitude between high- and low-SES girls (37.5 +/- 1.0 vs. 34.7 +/- 0.7 ml.min-1.kg body wt-1). Anaerobic power (Pmax, force-velocity test; Pwing, Wingate test) was reduced for low-SES girls at both altitudes, whatever the mode of expression. For a given SES, the relative anaerobic performances were lower at low altitude. At low altitude, low-SES girls developed lower anaerobic power than did younger high-SES girls with similar anthropometric characteristics. In conclusion, at both altitudes, the reduction of anaerobic performances observed in girls of low SES could not be totally explained by anthropometric factors. Structural and/or functional muscle alterations are suggested. Moreover, at low altitude, tropical and other factors may have contributed to differences in performance between low- and high-SES girls.
这项研究的目的是评估高海拔和低社会经济地位（SES）对11岁玻利维亚女孩有氧和无氧能力的影响。在高海拔（3600米）和低海拔（420米）地区，将低SES组女孩与年龄相仿的高SES女孩进行比较。在低海拔地区，还将低SES女孩与具有相同人体测量特征的年轻高SES女孩进行比较。两个海拔高度的高SES和低SES女孩的人体测量数据相似，但低SES女孩有9个月的生长延迟。两个海拔高度的低SES女孩的最大摄氧量均显著较低。在高海拔地区，以体重表示时，高SES女孩与低SES女孩的值没有差异（37.6±1.2对39.3±1.0毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克体重⁻¹），但在低海拔地区，高SES和低SES女孩之间仍存在差异（37.5±1.0对34.7±0.7毫升·分钟⁻¹·千克体重⁻¹）。无论表达方式如何，两个海拔高度的低SES女孩的无氧能力（Pmax，力量-速度测试；Pwing，温盖特测试）均降低。对于给定的SES，低海拔地区的相对无氧表现较低。在低海拔地区，低SES女孩的无氧能力低于具有相似人体测量特征的年轻高SES女孩。总之，在两个海拔高度，低SES女孩无氧表现的降低不能完全用人体测量因素来解释。提示存在肌肉结构和/或功能改变。此外，在低海拔地区，热带和其他因素可能导致了低SES和高SES女孩之间的表现差异。
