Vega J A, Haro J J, Del Valle M E
Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Central Hospital of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Spain.
Microsc Res Tech. 1996 Jul 1;34(4):351-61. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19960701)34:4<351::AID-JEMT6>3.0.CO;2-R.
This paper reviews the immunohistochemical characteristics of two kinds of human cutaneous sensory nerve formations (SNFs), the Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles. In both kinds of SNF the central axon might be easily identifiable because it displays immunoreactivity (IR) for the neuroendocrine markers neuron-specific enolase and protein gene product 9.5, as well as for neuron-specific intermediate filament proteins, i.e., neurofilaments. Other intermediate filament proteins such as vimentin are localized in the lamellar cells of Meissner corpuscles, and in the inner core, outer core and capsule of Pacinian corpuscles. However, they lack cytokeratins or glial fibrillary acidic protein IR. On the other hand, and in agreement with ultrastructural data, IR for basement membrane constituents laminin and type IV collagen is found underlying all SNF constituents, with the exception of the axon. One of the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of intracellular calcium ions (Ca2+) homeostasis is the calcium binding proteins. Ca2+ play a key role in the mechanoelectric transduction and have been localized in SNFs. In this way IR for the Ca(2+)-binding proteins calbindin D28K, parvalbumin and calretinin, is present and colocalized in both Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles; furthermore, S-100 protein is exclusively localized in the lamellar cells and the inner core. On the other hand, the skin is a main source of neurotrophins for a subset of neural crest sensory neurons, some of which end forming SNF. These factors are conveyed via retrograde axonal transport from the skin to the cell body of the responsive neurons. Interestingly, Meissner and Pacinian corpuscles also display IR for the pan-neurotrophin low-affinity receptor (p75), and for the trkA receptor protein, a basic constituent of the high-affinity receptor for some neurotrophins. Moreover, they express IR for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Finally, other antigens not proper to the cells forming human cutaneous SNF, such as the epithelial membrane antigen and the leucocytary antigen-7, have also been detected.
本文综述了两种人类皮肤感觉神经结构（SNFs），即迈斯纳小体和环层小体的免疫组织化学特征。在这两种SNFs中，中央轴突可能很容易识别，因为它对神经内分泌标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶和蛋白基因产物9.5以及神经元特异性中间丝蛋白（即神经丝）显示免疫反应性（IR）。其他中间丝蛋白，如波形蛋白，定位于迈斯纳小体的板层细胞以及环层小体的内核、外核和被膜。然而，它们缺乏细胞角蛋白或胶质纤维酸性蛋白IR。另一方面，与超微结构数据一致，除轴突外，在所有SNF成分的下方均发现了基底膜成分层粘连蛋白和IV型胶原的IR。维持细胞内钙离子（Ca2+）稳态所涉及的机制之一是钙结合蛋白。Ca2+在机械电转导中起关键作用，并已定位于SNFs中。这样，Ca(2+)结合蛋白钙结合蛋白D28K、小白蛋白和钙视网膜蛋白的IR存在于迈斯纳小体和环层小体中并共定位；此外，S-100蛋白仅定位于板层细胞和内核。另一方面，皮肤是一部分神经嵴感觉神经元神经营养因子的主要来源，其中一些最终形成SNFs。这些因子通过逆行轴突运输从皮肤传递到反应性神经元的细胞体。有趣的是，迈斯纳小体和环层小体还对泛神经营养因子低亲和力受体（p75）以及trkA受体蛋白显示IR，trkA受体蛋白是某些神经营养因子高亲和力受体的基本组成部分。此外，它们表达表皮生长因子受体的IR。最后，还检测到了其他并非人类皮肤SNF形成细胞特有的抗原，如上皮膜抗原和白细胞抗原-7。
