Stephen C, Ribble C S, Kent M L
Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon.
Can Vet J. 1996 Jul;37(7):420-5.
Marine anemia, also known as plasmacytoid leukemia, is a recently described disease of farmed Pacific salmon in British Columbia. Most of what is known about the disease has been generated through laboratory studies or field investigations of severely affected farms. The goals of this study were to determine the range of the spatial and temporal distribution of naturally occurring marine anemia, identify potential risk factors, and provide an initial description of the impact of the disease on commercial salmon farms in British Columbia. Data were obtained from mail surveys, farm visits, and reviews of clinical and laboratory records. An attempt was made to evaluate negative, as well as mildly, moderately, and severely affected sites. The results showed marine anemia to be widely distributed throughout the major salmon farming regions in British Columbia. The disease was most commonly diagnosed in August and September, when water temperatures were at their seasonal peaks. A wide variety of lineage's and fish sources were associated with the disease. The average mortality rate attributed to marine anemia was 6% (range 2.5% to 11%). The peak occurrence of the disease was associated with a peak in the occurrence of other infectious and inflammatory diseases. The broad demographic distribution of marine anemia, coupled with its endemic nature, indicated that the disease is unlikely to be due to the recent introduction of a new pathogen and that causal factors are widespread in southern British Columbia. It is concluded that the significance of diagnosing marine anemia is not that it is predictive of an impending epidemic of mortality, but that it is an indicator of the general pattern of disease on a farm.
海洋性贫血，也被称为浆细胞样白血病，是不列颠哥伦比亚省养殖的太平洋鲑鱼最近被描述的一种疾病。关于这种疾病的大多数已知信息是通过对受严重影响养殖场的实验室研究或实地调查得出的。本研究的目的是确定自然发生的海洋性贫血的时空分布范围，识别潜在风险因素，并初步描述该疾病对不列颠哥伦比亚省商业鲑鱼养殖场的影响。数据来自邮件调查、养殖场走访以及临床和实验室记录审查。试图对未受影响、轻度、中度和重度受影响的养殖场进行评估。结果显示，海洋性贫血在不列颠哥伦比亚省的主要鲑鱼养殖区域广泛分布。该疾病最常于8月和9月被诊断出来，此时水温处于季节性峰值。多种品系和鱼类来源与该疾病有关。归因于海洋性贫血的平均死亡率为6%（范围为2.5%至11%）。该疾病的发病高峰与其他传染性和炎症性疾病的发病高峰相关。海洋性贫血广泛的种群分布及其地方性特征表明，该疾病不太可能是由于最近引入新病原体所致，且致病因素在不列颠哥伦比亚省南部广泛存在。得出的结论是，诊断海洋性贫血的意义不在于它能预测即将到来的死亡流行，而在于它是养殖场疾病总体模式的一个指标。
