Skargren E, Oberg B
Department of Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 1996 Apr;6(2):122-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.1996.tb00079.x.
Musculoskeletal disorders are a major health problem, and nursing staff are often seen as a risk group. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a weekly exercise program among nursing staff on musculoskeletal symptoms and to study the relation to changes in physical capacity. A total of 106 nurses and nursing aides from four geriatric wards were invited to participate; 86 accepted. A cross-over design was used. The staff from two wards were assigned to an exercise period and the staff from the other wards to a control period for the first intervention period. After a wash-out period, the intervention changed. For the exercise periods the staff were invited to participate in an exercise program twice a week for 8 weeks. In total 50 subjects participated more than 8 times regularly during the exercise periods (participants = > or = 8 times regular participation, nonparticipants = < 8). During the control periods 78 subjects attended without intervention. Assessments were made with a standardized questionnaire for analysis of musculoskeletal and psychosomatic symptoms, testing of muscle strength in m. quadriceps with a Cybex dynamometer, and testing of cardiovascular capacity with a Dynavite computerized exercise bicycle before and after the exercise periods. The muscle strength in m. quadriceps increased more during the exercise periods compared with the control periods, explained primarily by the subgroup of nonregular exercisers and those > or = 40 years of age. The number of musculoskeletal symptoms tended to decrease more in the subgroup of nonregular exercisers (those who exercised less than once a week in their spare time) during the exercise periods compared with the nonregular exercisers during the control periods. Comparisons within groups showed a decrease in the number of musculoskeletal symptoms within the exercise periods, explained primarily by a decrease among the participants rather than among the nonparticipants. The decrease within the participants was explained primarily by the subgroup of nonregular exercisers and those > or = 40 years of age. An increase in cardiovascular capacity and a tendency to increase in muscle strength in m. quadriceps were seen among the participants, explained primarily by the effect in the subgroup of nonregular exercisers. The study suggests that a moderate weekly exercise program, performed in a group, among nursing staff affects physical capacity and the number of musculoskeletal symptoms for subjects who are nonregular exercisers and probably subjects > or = 40 years of age.
肌肉骨骼疾病是一个主要的健康问题，护理人员常被视为一个风险群体。本研究的目的是评估护理人员每周进行的锻炼计划对肌肉骨骼症状的影响，并研究其与身体能力变化的关系。来自四个老年病房的106名护士和护理助理被邀请参与；86人接受邀请。采用交叉设计。在第一个干预期，两个病房的工作人员被分配到锻炼期，另两个病房的工作人员被分配到对照期。经过洗脱期后，干预措施改变。在锻炼期，工作人员被邀请每周参加两次锻炼计划，为期8周。共有50名受试者在锻炼期定期参加了8次以上（参与者=≥8次定期参加，非参与者=<8次）。在对照期，78名受试者未接受干预。在锻炼期前后，使用标准化问卷对肌肉骨骼和身心症状进行评估，使用Cybex测力计测试股四头肌的肌肉力量，使用Dynavite计算机化运动自行车测试心血管能力。与对照期相比，锻炼期股四头肌的肌肉力量增加更多，这主要由非定期锻炼者和年龄≥40岁的亚组所解释。与对照期的非定期锻炼者相比，锻炼期非定期锻炼者亚组（即业余时间每周锻炼少于一次的人）的肌肉骨骼症状数量下降趋势更明显。组内比较显示，锻炼期肌肉骨骼症状数量减少，这主要由参与者而非非参与者的减少所解释。参与者内部的减少主要由非定期锻炼者和年龄≥40岁的亚组所解释。参与者中可见心血管能力增加以及股四头肌肌肉力量有增加趋势，这主要由非定期锻炼者亚组的效果所解释。该研究表明，护理人员中进行的适度的每周小组锻炼计划会影响非定期锻炼者以及可能年龄≥40岁的受试者的身体能力和肌肉骨骼症状数量。
