Kapp R W, Bevan C, Gardiner T H, Banton M I, Tyler T R, Wright G A
BioTox for BP Chemicals, Inc., Richmond, Virginia, 23236-3465, USA.
Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1996 Jun;23(3):183-92. doi: 10.1006/rtph.1996.0042.
The toxicity of isopropanol (IPA) has been extensively studied as a result of a Test Rule under Section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act. In general, the data showed that IPA has a low order of acute and chronic toxicity; does not produce adverse effects on reproduction; is neither a teratogen, a selective developmental toxicant, nor a developmental neurotoxicant; and is not genotoxic or an animal carcinogen. IPA is, however, a potential hazard for transient central nervous system depression at high exposure levels. In addition, IPA produced effects to several rodent toxicity endpoints at high dose levels (i.e., motor activity, male mating index, and exacerbated renal disease) which are of unclear relevance to human health. The data generated by these studies confirmed that IPA acts as a typical short-chain alcohol in mammalian biological systems. It produces a significant narcotic effect upon exposure at high levels for extended periods of time, with no irreversible effects even after repeated exposure, which is consistent with other short-chain alcohols. The metabolism of IPA appears equivalent across species with rapid conversion to acetone and carbon dioxide. Overall, these studies demonstrate IPA exposure is a low potential hazard to human health. This information will allow for an improved assessment of the human health risks from IPA exposure.
由于《有毒物质控制法》第4条的一项测试规则，异丙醇（IPA）的毒性已得到广泛研究。总体而言，数据表明IPA的急性和慢性毒性较低；对生殖无不良影响；既不是致畸剂、选择性发育毒物，也不是发育神经毒物；并且无遗传毒性或不是动物致癌物。然而，高暴露水平下的IPA对中枢神经系统有短暂抑制作用，存在潜在危害。此外，高剂量的IPA对一些啮齿动物毒性终点产生了影响（即运动活动、雄性交配指数和加重的肾病），但其与人类健康的相关性尚不清楚。这些研究产生的数据证实，IPA在哺乳动物生物系统中表现为典型的短链醇。长时间高暴露时，它会产生显著的麻醉作用，即使反复暴露也不会产生不可逆影响，这与其他短链醇一致。IPA在不同物种中的代谢似乎相同，能迅速转化为丙酮和二氧化碳。总体而言，这些研究表明IPA暴露对人类健康的潜在危害较低。这些信息将有助于改进对IPA暴露所致人类健康风险的评估。
