Brown J C, Vaughn K V
Physics Department, Wellesley College, Massachusetts 01281, USA.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1996 Sep;100(3):1728-35. doi: 10.1121/1.416070.
The determination of the pitch center of frequency modulated sounds has been the focus of a number of previous studies. The sources have usually been pure tones or synthetic complex sounds with a well-defined spectral composition. These synthetic sounds differ in temporal and spectral properties from the sounds produced by musical instruments; and it is these acoustic sounds which performers are trained to produce and to perceive in order to make intonation choices. Thus samples chosen for this study consist of approximately 1 s of acoustic sounds produced by a virtuoso violist playing the notes D4, C5#, A5, and G6 with and without vibrato. The sounds without vibrato were then resampled to give frequencies from -15 to +21 cents with respect to the mean of the sound with vibrato. Two-interval two-alternative forced choice (212AFC) experiments were carried out comparing the sounds with vibrato to those without vibrato using two sets of musically experienced listeners as subjects. A control set consisting of the comparison of pitch levels of the unmodulated sounds was carried out simultaneously. Results are consistent with the finding that the pitch perceived is that of the mean. The difference limen inferred from the control set was 2.8 cents for the first group and 2.5 cents for the second group with an upper bound on the error of 1 cent.
调频声音音高中心的确定一直是以往众多研究的焦点。研究对象通常是纯音或具有明确频谱构成的合成复合音。这些合成音在时间和频谱特性上与乐器发出的声音不同；而演奏者正是通过训练来发出并感知这些声学声音，以便做出音准选择。因此，本研究选取的样本包括一位中提琴演奏名家演奏音符D4、C5#、A5和G6时，带有和不带有颤音的约1秒声学声音。然后，将无颤音的声音重新采样，使其相对于有颤音声音的平均值产生从 -15到 +21音分的频率变化。使用两组具有音乐经验的听众作为受试者，进行了双区间二择一迫选（2I2AFC）实验，比较有颤音的声音和无颤音的声音。同时进行了一组对照实验，比较未调制声音的音高。结果与所感知的音高为平均值这一发现一致。从对照实验得出的第一组差别阈限为2.8音分，第二组为2.5音分，误差上限为1音分。
