Frangolias D D, Rhodes E C
University of British Columbia Pulmonary Research Laboratories, Saint Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, Canada.
Sports Med. 1996 Jul;22(1):38-53. doi: 10.2165/00007256-199622010-00004.
The low impact nature of exercise in the water has increased interest in this form of exercise and specifically in water running as a cross-training modality. It is used as a possible preventative and therapeutic modality for rehabilitation. The high impact nature of land running predisposes the runner to stress of the lower limbs and overuse injuries. The need to reduce impact, as well as provide a low impact or non-weight-bearing condition for rehabilitation, has led runners and their coaches to the water. This increased interest by coaches and their athletes, attending sports medicine physicians and rehabilitative professionals has stimulated research into water immersion to the neck (WI) running. Exercise in the water has long been used by rehabilitative professionals with patients who have physically debilitating conditions (i.e. arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders) as it provides a medium for even those with limited mobility to exercise and relax their muscles. Numerous comparative studies into WI running from a metabolic as well as a training perspective have been published. WI has also long been used to simulate weightlessness for the comparative study of cardiorespiratory function and thermoregulation. WI and the associated cephalad shift in blood volume has implications on exercise responses during WI running exercise. In addition, the non-weight-bearing nature of WI running also raises issues of the cross-training benefits of WI running. WI running style and prior familiarity with the activity have been found to have a direct relationship with the comparability of WI to land running. This review presents current research into WI running, training specificity and comparative physiology.
水中运动的低冲击力特性增加了人们对这种运动形式的兴趣，特别是对水中跑步作为一种交叉训练方式的兴趣。它被用作康复的一种可能的预防和治疗方式。陆地跑步的高冲击力使跑步者容易受到下肢压力和过度使用损伤。减少冲击力以及为康复提供低冲击力或非负重条件的需求，促使跑步者及其教练转向水中运动。教练及其运动员、运动医学医生和康复专业人员对水中运动兴趣的增加，激发了对颈部以下水浸（WI）跑步的研究。长期以来，康复专业人员一直将水中运动用于身体虚弱的患者（如关节炎、肌肉骨骼疾病患者），因为它为即使是行动不便的人提供了一个锻炼和放松肌肉的媒介。已经发表了许多从代谢和训练角度对WI跑步的比较研究。WI也长期被用于模拟失重状态，以进行心肺功能和体温调节的比较研究。WI以及相关的血容量向头部转移对WI跑步运动期间的运动反应有影响。此外，WI跑步的非负重特性也引发了WI跑步交叉训练益处的问题。已发现WI跑步风格和之前对该活动的熟悉程度与WI和陆地跑步的可比性有直接关系。这篇综述介绍了目前对WI跑步、训练特异性和比较生理学的研究。
