Mosher W D, Bachrach C A
Family Growth Survey Branch, National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS, Hyattsville, MD, USA.
Fam Plann Perspect. 1996 Jan-Feb;28(1):4-12.
About 50 studies based on the 1988 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) and a telephone reinterview conducted with the same women two years later provide continuing information about the fertility and health of American women. Among the findings of these studies are that black women have almost twice as many pregnancies as do white women (5.1 vs. 2.8), with nearly all of the difference being unintended pregnancies. Unwanted births increased between 1982 and 1988, particularly among less-educated, poor and minority women. This increase in the proportion of unwanted births may have prompted the increase in female sterilization among these groups. Concern with the AIDS epidemic led to increases in condom use between 1982 and 1990, especially among the partners of teenagers and college-educated women. Rates of teenage pregnancy were fairly stable during the period 1980-1988, as increases in the proportion of teenagers having intercourse were offset by increases in condom use. Rates of infertility did not change significantly in the 1980s, but because of delayed childbearing and the aging of the baby-boom cohort, the number of older childless women increased substantially. The 1995 NSFG was redesigned in a number of ways in order to answer a new generation of questions about fertility and women's health in the United States.
大约50项基于1988年全国家庭生育调查（NSFG）以及两年后对同一批女性进行的电话再次访谈的研究，提供了有关美国女性生育和健康状况的持续信息。这些研究的发现包括，黑人女性的怀孕次数几乎是白人女性的两倍（5.1次对2.8次），几乎所有差异都来自意外怀孕。1982年至1988年间，意外生育有所增加，尤其是在受教育程度较低、贫困和少数族裔女性中。意外生育比例的上升可能促使这些群体中女性绝育手术的增加。对艾滋病流行的担忧导致1982年至1990年间避孕套使用增加，尤其是在青少年和受过大学教育女性的伴侣中。1980年至1988年期间，青少年怀孕率相当稳定，因为进行性行为的青少年比例增加被避孕套使用的增加所抵消。20世纪80年代，不孕率没有显著变化，但由于生育推迟和婴儿潮一代的老龄化，年龄较大的无子女女性数量大幅增加。1995年的全国家庭生育调查在多个方面进行了重新设计，以便回答有关美国生育和女性健康的新一代问题。
