Parazzini F, Cavalieri D'oro L, Naldi L, Bianchi C, Graefembergh S, Mezzanotte C, Pansera B, Schena D, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy.
Int J Epidemiol. 1995 Dec;24(6):1197-203. doi: 10.1093/ije/24.6.1197.
To analyse the relation between number of sexual partners, selected sexual habits and the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
We conducted a case-control study nested in a cross-sectional survey conducted among subjects attending sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics in Northern Italy. Eligible for the study were 1711 subjects (1259 males, 452 females) who referred themselves for the first time between September 1988 and March 1993 to three STD clinics in Northern Italy for suspected STD or STD treatment. A total of 145 subjects (113 males and 32 females) were HIV positive.
In comparison with subjects reporting no or one sexual partner over the 3 years before the interview, the estimated odds ratios (OR) of HIV serum positivity were 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6-2.3), 0.8 (95% CI: 0.4-1.8) and 0.3 (95% CI: 0.4-2.5) in subjects reporting 2-3, 4-5, and > or = 6 partners, respectively. The results were similar considering separately males and females and in men reporting only homosexual partners. Regular condom use decreased the risk of HIV infection: in comparison with subjects reporting no or occasional use of condoms, the OR of HIV infection was 0.5 (95% CI: 0.4-0.8) for regular users. Considering men only, compared with men with no homosexual intercourse, the OR of HIV infection was 2.3 (95% CI: 1.4-3.9) in those reporting bisexual intercourse and 2.2 (95% CI: 1.2-4.2) in men reporting only homosexual intercourse (among homosexuals). There was no relation between HIV infection risk and receptive anal sex.
The risk of HIV infection does not increase linearly with the number of sexual partners in this population. This is reasonable, as the prevalence of HIV infection in this population is essentially determined by drug use. Caution is needed in the interpretation of these results since the analysis of role of number of sexual partners in male intravenous drug users is impaired by low statistical power.
分析性伴侣数量、特定性习惯与人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）感染风险之间的关系。
我们在意大利北部性传播疾病（STD）诊所对就诊者进行的一项横断面调查中开展了一项病例对照研究。符合研究条件的是1711名受试者（1259名男性，452名女性），他们在1988年9月至1993年3月期间首次因疑似性传播疾病或性传播疾病治疗而前往意大利北部的三家性传播疾病诊所就诊。共有145名受试者（113名男性和32名女性）HIV呈阳性。
与在访谈前3年报告没有或只有一名性伴侣的受试者相比，报告有2 - 3名、4 - 5名以及≥6名性伴侣的受试者中，HIV血清阳性的估计比值比（OR）分别为1.2（95%置信区间[CI]：0.6 - 2.3）、0.8（95%CI：0.4 - 1.8）和0.3（95%CI：0.4 - 2.5）。分别考虑男性和女性以及仅报告有同性恋伴侣的男性时，结果相似。经常使用避孕套可降低HIV感染风险：与报告从不或偶尔使用避孕套的受试者相比，经常使用者感染HIV的OR为0.5（95%CI：0.4 - 0.8）。仅考虑男性，与没有同性恋性行为的男性相比，报告双性恋性行为的男性感染HIV的OR为2.3（95%CI：1.4 - 3.9），仅报告同性恋性行为的男性（在同性恋者中）感染HIV的OR为2.2（95%CI：1.2 - 4.2）。HIV感染风险与接受肛交之间没有关系。
在该人群中，HIV感染风险并不随性伴侣数量呈线性增加。这是合理的，因为该人群中HIV感染率主要由药物使用决定。由于对男性静脉吸毒者中性伴侣数量作用的分析因统计效力低而受到影响，因此在解释这些结果时需要谨慎。
