Spina M, Mancuso S, Sinicco A, Vaccher E, Traina C, Di Fabrizio N, De Lalla F, Tirelli U
Division of Medical Oncology and AIDS, C.R.O. Aviano, Italy.
Sex Transm Dis. 1998 Oct;25(9):451-4. doi: 10.1097/00007435-199810000-00001.
In two different studies, we evaluated the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroprevalence rate and the condom use in a group of female sex workers working in Italy.
In the first study we collected data on HIV serologic testing of female sex workers; in the second study, we evaluated the use of condoms and high-risk sexual practices by sex workers with their clients and nonpaying partners.
Overall, 131 of 802 (16%) were HIV positive: 36 of 558 (6%) professional sex workers and 95 of 244 (39%) sex workers who used intravenous drugs. There was a significant increase of seroprevalence among professional sex workers between 1988 to 1990 and 1991 to 1995 (2% versus 11%, P < or = 0.001), whereas among the sex workers who used intravenous drugs, the increase was not significant (37% versus 40%, P = 0.70). Similarly, the HIV seroprevalence in the Italian professional sex workers is constant in the two periods of time (2% versus 1%). In the second study, 97 of 102 (95%) sex workers reported regular condom use with clients, whereas 63% of sex workers reported they never used them with nonpaying partners. Fourteen sex workers reported having nonpaying partners who used intravenous drugs and 6 reported having nonpaying bisexual partners; 8 of these 20 partners were HIV positive.
The results of the first study showed a significant increase of seroprevalence among professional sex workers, whereas the high seroprevalence among sex workers who used intravenous drugs was constant. The results of the second study showed that sex workers may be at higher risk for HIV infection through noncommercial sexual intercourses.
在两项不同的研究中，我们评估了在意大利工作的一群女性性工作者中的人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）血清阳性率及避孕套使用情况。
在第一项研究中，我们收集了女性性工作者HIV血清学检测的数据；在第二项研究中，我们评估了性工作者与客户及非付费性伴之间避孕套的使用情况和高危性行为。
总体而言，802人中有131人（16%）HIV呈阳性：558名职业性工作者中有36人（6%），使用静脉注射毒品的性工作者中有95人（39%）。1988年至1990年与1991年至1995年期间，职业性工作者的血清阳性率显著上升（2%对11%，P≤0.001），而在使用静脉注射毒品的性工作者中，上升并不显著（37%对40%，P = 0.70）。同样，意大利职业性工作者在这两个时间段的HIV血清阳性率保持不变（2%对1%）。在第二项研究中，102名性工作者中有97人（95%）报告与客户定期使用避孕套，而63%的性工作者报告从未与非付费性伴使用过避孕套。14名性工作者报告其非付费性伴有使用静脉注射毒品的情况，6名报告有非付费双性恋性伴；这20名性伴中有8人HIV呈阳性。
第一项研究结果显示职业性工作者的血清阳性率显著上升，而使用静脉注射毒品的性工作者中高血清阳性率保持不变。第二项研究结果表明，性工作者通过非商业性行为感染HIV的风险可能更高。
