Unruh A M
School of Occupational Therapy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Pain. 1996 May-Jun;65(2-3):123-67. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(95)00214-6.
This review is a critical summary of research examining gender variations in clinical pain experience. Gender-comparative pain research was identified through Medline and Psychlit searches and references obtained from bibliographies of pertinent papers and books. Review of this research demonstrates that women are more likely than men to experience a variety of recurrent pains. In addition, many women have moderate or severe pains from menstruation, pregnancy and childbirth. In most studies, women report more severe levels of pain, more frequent pain and pain of longer duration than do men. Women may be at greater risk for pain-related disability than men but women also respond more aggressively to pain through health related activities. Women may be more vulnerable than men to unwarranted psychogenic attributions by health care providers for pain. Underlying biological mechanisms of pain and the contribution of psychological and social factors as they contribute to the meaning of pain for women and men warrant greater attention in pain research.
本综述是对研究临床疼痛体验中性别差异的研究的批判性总结。通过对医学文献数据库（Medline）和心理学文献数据库（Psychlit）的检索以及从相关论文和书籍的参考文献中获取，确定了性别比较疼痛研究。对该研究的综述表明，女性比男性更有可能经历各种复发性疼痛。此外，许多女性在月经、怀孕和分娩期间会经历中度或重度疼痛。在大多数研究中，女性报告的疼痛程度比男性更严重、疼痛频率更高且疼痛持续时间更长。与男性相比，女性可能因疼痛导致残疾的风险更大，但女性也会通过与健康相关的活动对疼痛做出更积极的反应。女性可能比男性更容易受到医疗保健提供者对疼痛无端的心理成因归因的影响。疼痛的潜在生物学机制以及心理和社会因素对男性和女性疼痛意义的影响，在疼痛研究中值得更多关注。
