Naveh-Benjamin M, Craik F I
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 1996 Aug;49(3):780-96. doi: 10.1080/713755640.
In two experiments younger and older adults listened to a list of words presented auditorily by two speakers. The subjects processed each word either perceptually (voice judgements) or conceptually (pleasantness judgements), and were then given memory tasks for the words and the presenting voice. In the word-recognition task the two age groups benefited equally from conceptual as opposed to perceptual processing. In the voice memory task, however, conceptual processing improved performance relative to perceptual processing in the younger subjects (significantly so in Experiment 1), but conceptual processing was associated with decreased performance in the older group (significantly so in Experiment 2). These results suggest that whereas older subjects exhibit a trade-off in memory for item and attribute information, younger subjects exhibit a pattern of support, in which conceptual processing benefits memory for both items and their attributes.
在两项实验中，年轻人和老年人听取了由两位说话者以听觉方式呈现的一系列单词。受试者对每个单词进行感知处理（声音判断）或概念处理（愉悦度判断），然后针对单词和呈现声音进行记忆任务。在单词识别任务中，与感知处理相比，两个年龄组从概念处理中获得的益处相同。然而，在声音记忆任务中，概念处理相对于感知处理提高了年轻受试者的表现（在实验1中显著如此），但概念处理与老年组的表现下降相关（在实验2中显著如此）。这些结果表明，老年受试者在记忆项目和属性信息方面表现出权衡，而年轻受试者则表现出一种支持模式，即概念处理对项目及其属性的记忆均有益处。
