Luo Lin, Hendriks Tonya, Craik Fergus I M
Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Psychol Aging. 2007 Jun;22(2):269-80. doi: 10.1037/0882-7974.22.2.269.
Memory encoding conditions can be manipulated in a variety of ways, and many of these methods result in improved recollection for both younger and older adults relative to baseline conditions. Previous results have shown differential age-related patterns of improvement, however, with some manipulations giving equal improvement to young and old participants, some benefiting older adults more, and others benefiting younger adults more. In 2 experiments, the authors show that presenting pictures with words benefited older more than younger participants, word generation benefited both groups equally, and an encoding condition requiring novel integrative processing benefited younger more than older adults. The authors discuss these results in terms of the enhanced elaboration afforded and processing demanded by differential combinations of age groups and encoding conditions.
记忆编码条件可以通过多种方式进行操控，相对于基线条件，其中许多方法都能使年轻人和老年人的回忆得到改善。然而，先前的研究结果显示，与年龄相关的改善模式存在差异，有些操控对年轻和年长参与者的改善程度相同，有些对年长成年人的益处更大，而另一些则对年轻成年人的益处更大。在两项实验中，作者表明，图片与文字同时呈现对年长参与者的益处大于年轻参与者，单词生成对两组的益处相同，而一种需要进行新颖整合处理的编码条件对年轻成年人的益处大于年长成年人。作者根据年龄组和编码条件的不同组合所提供的增强细化和所需处理来讨论这些结果。
