Dengel D R, Pratley R E, Hagberg J M, Rogus E M, Goldberg A P
Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 1996 Jul;81(1):318-25. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1996.81.1.318.
The decline in glucose homeostasis with aging may be due to the physical deconditioning and obesity that often develop with aging. The independent and combined effects of aerobic exercise training (AEX) and weight loss (WL) on glucose metabolism were studied in 47 nondiabetic sedentary older men. There were 14 men in a weekly behavioral modification/WL program, 10 in a 3 times/wk AEX program, 14 in an AEX+WL program, and 9 in the control (Con) group. The 10-mo intervention increased maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) in both the AEX and AEX+WL groups [0.33 +/- 0.05 and 0.37 +/- 0.09 (SE) l/min, respectively], but VO2max did not significantly change in the WL (0.01 +/- 0.06 l/min) and Con groups (-0.04 +/- 0.05 l/min; P > 0.05). The AEX+WL and WL groups had comparable reductions in body weight (-8.5 +/- 0.9 and -8.8 +/- 1.2 kg, respectively) and percent fat (-5.5 +/- 0.7 and -5.9 +/- 1.1%, respectively) that were significantly greater than those in the Con and AEX groups. Oral glucose tolerance tests showed significant reductions in insulin responses in the AEX, WL, and AEX+WL groups, but the decrease in insulin response in the AEX+WL group was significantly greater than that in the other three groups. The glucose area decreased significantly in the WL and AEX+WL groups but did not change in the Con or AEX groups. There were significant increases in insulin-mediated glucose disposal rates as measured by the hyperinsulinemic (600 pmol.m-2.min-1) euglycemic clamps in the AEX and AEX+WL groups [1.66 +/- 0.50 and 1.76 +/- 0.41 mg.kg fat-free mass (FFM)-1.min-1, respectively] that were significantly greater than those in the WL (0.13 +/- 0.31 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1) and Con groups (-0.05 +/- 0.51 mg.kg FFM-1.min-1; n = 5). These data suggest that AEX and WL improve glucose metabolism through different mechanisms and that the combined intervention of AEX+WL is necessary to improve both glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in older men.
随着年龄增长，葡萄糖稳态的下降可能归因于常伴随衰老出现的身体机能衰退和肥胖。在47名久坐不动的非糖尿病老年男性中，研究了有氧运动训练（AEX）和体重减轻（WL）对葡萄糖代谢的独立及联合作用。14名男性参加每周一次的行为矫正/体重减轻计划，10名参加每周3次的有氧运动训练计划，14名参加有氧运动训练+体重减轻计划，9名作为对照组（Con）。10个月的干预使有氧运动训练组和有氧运动训练+体重减轻组的最大摄氧量（VO2max）均增加[分别为0.33±0.05和0.37±0.09（SE）升/分钟]，但体重减轻组（0.01±0.06升/分钟）和对照组（-0.04±0.05升/分钟；P>0.05）的VO2max无显著变化。有氧运动训练+体重减轻组和体重减轻组的体重（分别为-8.5±0.9和-8.8±1.2千克）和体脂百分比（分别为-5.5±0.7和-5.9±1.1%）有相当程度的降低，显著大于对照组和有氧运动训练组。口服葡萄糖耐量试验显示，有氧运动训练组、体重减轻组和有氧运动训练+体重减轻组的胰岛素反应均显著降低，但有氧运动训练+体重减轻组的胰岛素反应降低幅度显著大于其他三组。体重减轻组和有氧运动训练+体重减轻组的葡萄糖曲线下面积显著降低，而对照组或有氧运动训练组无变化。通过高胰岛素血症（600 pmol·m-2·min-1）正常血糖钳夹法测得，有氧运动训练组和有氧运动训练+体重减轻组的胰岛素介导的葡萄糖处置率显著增加[分别为1.66±0.50和1.76±0.41毫克·千克去脂体重（FFM）-1·分钟-1]，显著大于体重减轻组（0.13±0.31毫克·千克FFM-1·分钟-1）和对照组（-0.05±0.51毫克·千克FFM-1·分钟-1；n=5）。这些数据表明，有氧运动训练和体重减轻通过不同机制改善葡萄糖代谢，且有氧运动训练+体重减轻的联合干预对于改善老年男性的葡萄糖耐量和胰岛素敏感性是必要的。
