Williams D J, Mauk B H, McEntire R E, Roelof E C, Armstrong T P, Wilken B, Roederer J G, Krimigis S M, Fritz T A, Lanzerotti L J
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Road, Laurel, MD 20723, USA.
Science. 1996 Oct 18;274(5286):401-3. doi: 10.1126/science.274.5286.401.
Intense, magnetic field-aligned, bidirectional, energetic (>15 kiloelectron volts) electron beams were discovered by the Galileo energetic particles detector during the flyby of Io. These beams can carry sufficient energy flux into Jupiter's atmosphere to produce a visible aurora at the footprint of the magnetic flux tube connecting Io to Jupiter. Composition measurements through the torus showed that the spatial distributions of protons, oxygen, and sulfur are different, with sulfur being the dominant energetic (> approximately 10 kiloelectron volts per nucleon) ion at closest approach.
在“伽利略号”飞越木卫一期间，其高能粒子探测器发现了强烈的、与磁场方向一致的双向高能（>15千电子伏特）电子束。这些电子束能够携带足够的能量通量进入木星大气层，从而在连接木卫一和木星的磁通管足迹处产生可见极光。通过环面的成分测量表明，质子、氧和硫的空间分布各不相同，在最接近时，硫是主要的高能（>约每核子10千电子伏特）离子。
