Anisman H, Baines M G, Berczi I, Bernstein C N, Blennerhassett M G, Gorczynski R M, Greenberg A H, Kisil F T, Mathison R D, Nagy E, Nance D M, Perdue M H, Pomerantz D K, Sabbadini E R, Stanisz A, Warrington R J
Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ont.
CMAJ. 1996 Oct 1;155(7):867-74.
A novel scientific discipline that examines the complex interdependence of the neural, endocrine and immune systems in health and disease has emerged in recent years. In health, the neuroimmunoregulatory network is fundamental to host defence and to the transfer of immunity to offspring; the network also plays important roles in intestinal physiology and in tissue regeneration, healing and reproduction. The proliferation of lymphocytes in primary lymphoid organs (bone marrow, bursa of Fabricius [in birds] and thymus) and in secondary lymphoid organs (spleen, lymph nodes and mucosal lymphoid tissue) depends on prolactin and growth hormone. These hormones allow immune cells to respond to antigen and to soluble mediators, called cytokines. Immune-derived cytokines are capable of inducing fever and of altering neuro-transmitter activity in the brain and hormone secretion by the pituitary gland. The activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines leads to immunosuppression. Lymphoid organs are innervated, and tissue mast cells respond to neurologic stimuli. In general, acetylcholine and substance P exert immunostimulatory and proinflammatory effects, whereas epinephrine and somatostatin are immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory. In this article, the authors predict that novel approaches to immunomodulation will be possible by altering the level or efficacy of immunoregulatory hormones and neurotransmitters.
近年来，一门全新的科学学科应运而生，它研究神经、内分泌和免疫系统在健康与疾病状态下的复杂相互依存关系。在健康状态下，神经免疫调节网络对于宿主防御以及免疫向子代的传递至关重要；该网络在肠道生理、组织再生、愈合和生殖过程中也发挥着重要作用。淋巴细胞在初级淋巴器官（骨髓、法氏囊[鸟类]和胸腺）以及次级淋巴器官（脾脏、淋巴结和黏膜淋巴组织）中的增殖依赖于催乳素和生长激素。这些激素使免疫细胞能够对抗原和被称为细胞因子的可溶性介质作出反应。免疫衍生的细胞因子能够引发发热，并改变大脑中的神经递质活性以及垂体的激素分泌。细胞因子对下丘脑 - 垂体 - 肾上腺轴的激活会导致免疫抑制。淋巴器官受神经支配，组织肥大细胞对神经刺激作出反应。一般来说，乙酰胆碱和P物质具有免疫刺激和促炎作用，而肾上腺素和生长抑素则具有免疫抑制和抗炎作用。在本文中，作者预测通过改变免疫调节激素和神经递质的水平或功效，将有可能实现新的免疫调节方法。
