South S A, Yankov V I, Evans W S
Department of Internal Medicine, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville.
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 1993 Mar;22(1):1-28.
The reproductive axis in women comprises a number of components that must function in a highly orchestrated manner for reproductive potential to be optimal. The neuroendocrine components of this axis, including the hypothalamus and the pituitary gland, are central to this system. Within the hypothalamus, the specialized neuronal system responsible for synthesizing and secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is itself modulated by a number of peptide and biogenic amine neurotransmitters that mediate feedback signals of ovarian origin. The luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secreting anterior pituitary gonadotropes perceive and transduce neural input in the form of GnRH, but are themselves also modulated by the ambient gonadal hormone concentrations. The authors review the physiologic relevance of the pulsatile nature of the GnRH signal, and some proposed mechanisms through which these signals are stimulated and modulated and subsequently perceived and transduced by gonadotropes.
女性的生殖轴由多个组成部分构成，这些组成部分必须以高度协调的方式发挥作用，以使生殖潜能达到最佳状态。该轴的神经内分泌组成部分，包括下丘脑和垂体，是这个系统的核心。在下丘脑中，负责合成和分泌促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）的特殊神经元系统本身受到多种肽类和生物胺神经递质的调节，这些神经递质介导来自卵巢的反馈信号。分泌促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素的垂体前叶促性腺细胞以GnRH的形式感知并传导神经输入，但它们自身也受到周围性腺激素浓度的调节。作者回顾了GnRH信号脉冲性质的生理相关性，以及一些关于这些信号如何被刺激和调节，随后被促性腺细胞感知和传导的机制。
