Kendler K S, Zerbin-Rüdin E
Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond 23298, USA.
Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jul 26;67(4):343-6. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1096-8628(19960726)67:4<343::AID-AJMG5>3.0.CO;2-N.
Starting from the 722 probands originally studied by Rüdin, Bruno Schulz re-examined them and their relatives confirming the diagnosis in 660. While Rüdin sought for mendelian ratios in siblings, Schulz, anticipating modern methods, focused on the family study method as an approach to clarifying possible etiologic heterogeneity within the schizophrenia syndrome. Using a Kraepelian approach to diagnosis, Schulz reports a MR for narrowly and broadly defined schizophrenia of 6.7 and 8.2% in siblings and 2.6 and 3.7% in parents. He found no evidence for a difference in risk of illness in siblings as a function of either the gender or outcome of the proband. The risk for schizophrenia was significantly increased in siblings of hebephrenic probands. Compared to siblings of probands with no identified factor which precipitated their schizophrenia, the risk for schizophrenia was significantly decreased in probands with a physical etiologic factor but did not differ in siblings of probands with a psychological etiologic factor. The risk for schizophrenia was particularly low in siblings of probands whose onset of illness occurred within a year of major head trauma.
从鲁丁最初研究的722名先证者开始，布鲁诺·舒尔茨对他们及其亲属进行了重新检查，确认其中660例的诊断。鲁丁在同胞中寻找孟德尔比率，而舒尔茨则预见到了现代方法，他将重点放在家族研究方法上，以此作为阐明精神分裂症综合征内可能的病因异质性的一种途径。采用克雷佩林式的诊断方法，舒尔茨报告称，狭义和广义定义的精神分裂症在同胞中的复发风险分别为6.7%和8.2%，在父母中的复发风险分别为2.6%和3.7%。他没有发现证据表明同胞的患病风险因先证者的性别或结局而异。青春型先证者的同胞患精神分裂症的风险显著增加。与没有确定引发其精神分裂症因素的先证者的同胞相比，有身体病因因素的先证者患精神分裂症的风险显著降低，但有心理病因因素的先证者的同胞患精神分裂症的风险没有差异。在疾病发作发生在严重头部创伤一年内的先证者的同胞中，患精神分裂症的风险特别低。
