Griffiths T D, Rees A, Witton C, Shakir R A, Henning G B, Green G G
Department of Physiological Sciences, Newcastle University Medical School, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Nature. 1996 Oct 3;383(6599):425-7. doi: 10.1038/383425a0.
Human listeners can localize sounds by the difference in both arrival time (phase) and loudness between the two ears. Movement of the sound source modulates these cues, and responses to moving sounds have been detected in animals in primary auditory cortex and in humans in other cortical areas. Here we show that detection of changes in the interaural phase or amplitude difference occurs through a mechanism distinct from that used to detect changes in one ear alone. Moreover, a patient with a right hemisphere stroke is unable to detect sound movement, regardless of whether it is defined by phase or by loudness cues. We propose that this deficit reflects damage to a distinct cortical area, outside the classical auditory areas, that is specialized for the detection of sound motion. The deficit is analagous to cerebral akinotopsia (motion blindness) in the visual system, and so the auditory system may, like the visual system, show localization of specialized functions to different cortical regions.
人类听众可以通过两耳之间到达时间（相位）和响度的差异来定位声音。声源的移动会调制这些线索，并且在动物的初级听觉皮层以及人类的其他皮层区域中已检测到对移动声音的反应。在这里，我们表明，双耳相位或幅度差异变化的检测是通过一种不同于仅用于检测单耳变化的机制进行的。此外，一名患有右半球中风的患者无法检测到声音的移动，无论其是由相位还是响度线索定义的。我们提出，这种缺陷反映了经典听觉区域之外一个专门用于检测声音运动的独特皮层区域受到了损伤。这种缺陷类似于视觉系统中的大脑运动失认症（运动盲），因此听觉系统可能像视觉系统一样，在不同的皮层区域表现出专门功能的定位。
