Müller H J, von Mühlenen A
Department of Psychology, University of London, England.
Percept Psychophys. 1996 Feb;58(2):224-49. doi: 10.3758/bf03211877.
Seven experiments were conducted to replicate, and extend, a finding by Tipper, Driver, and Weaver (1991). They reported evidence for dynamic, object-centered inhibition of return (IOR)--that is, coding of inhibition following a peripheral cue in coordinates that move with the previously cued object, providing a dynamic bias against reattending to that object. The present experiments used a variation of Posner and Cohen's (1984) spatial cuing paradigm. Subjects responded manually (simple reaction time) to a luminance increment in one of two peripheral boxes, one of which had previously been cued (brightened). Experiments 1, 2, and 5 replicated the standard (environmental) IOR effect when the display was stationary. IOR was more marked for right-side targets than for left-side targets and tended to be affected by the compatibility between response hand and (cued) target position. However, when the boxes moved around the display center (Experiments 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 7), contrary to Tipper et al., there was no evidence of dynamic, object-centered IOR. Rather, there was strong evidence of attentive tracking of whatever box happened to move from left to right, irrespective of the direction of its motion (clockwise or counterclockwise) and whether it was more likely to contain the target than the other (right-to-left moving) box. There was a tendency for left-to-right tracking to be more marked with right-hand responses, pointing to the existence of a dynamic stimulus-response compatibility effect. The implications of the present findings for the role of attentive tracking and IOR in dynamic scenes are discussed.
我们进行了七项实验，以重复并扩展蒂珀、德赖弗和韦弗（1991年）的一项研究发现。他们报告了动态的、以物体为中心的返回抑制（IOR）的证据——也就是说，在跟随先前被提示物体移动的坐标中，对外围提示后的抑制进行编码，从而产生一种动态偏差，使人不再重新关注该物体。本实验采用了波斯纳和科恩（1984年）空间提示范式的一种变体。受试者对两个外围方框之一中的亮度增加进行手动反应（简单反应时），其中一个方框先前已被提示（变亮）。当显示器静止时，实验1、2和5重复了标准的（环境）IOR效应。右侧目标的IOR比左侧目标更明显，并且倾向于受到反应手与（被提示的）目标位置之间兼容性的影响。然而，当方框围绕显示中心移动时（实验1、2、3、4、6和7），与蒂珀等人的研究结果相反，没有证据表明存在动态的、以物体为中心的IOR。相反，有强有力的证据表明，无论哪个方框碰巧从左向右移动，都会受到注意力跟踪，而不管其运动方向（顺时针或逆时针）以及它比另一个（从右向左移动）方框更有可能包含目标的程度如何。右手反应时，从左到右的跟踪倾向更明显，这表明存在动态刺激-反应兼容性效应。本文讨论了当前研究结果对注意力跟踪和IOR在动态场景中的作用的影响。
