Klein P, Mattys S, Rooze M
Laboratory for Functional Anatomy, University of Brussels, Belgium.
J Biomech. 1996 Jan;29(1):21-30. doi: 10.1016/0021-9290(95)00025-9.
The tendon excursion method was applied to estimate the moment arm length of triceps surae, flexor hallucis longus, tibialis posterior, tibialis anterior, peroneus brevis and peroneus longus at talocrural and subtalar joints of 10 anatomical preparations. Orthogonal polynomials were fitted to the tendon excursion data and by derivation with respect to the joint angle, the instantaneous moment arm length for any joint position was evaluated. Both joints were investigated separately. Individual data, the mean moment arm together with the significant moment arm coefficients of the polynomials are presented. Considering their moment arm, the most important plantar flexor were triceps surae, flexor hallucis longus and to a much lesser extent peroneus longus, peroneus brevis and tibialis posterior. Results suggest a partially new insight into the muscle action at the subtalar joint. Although displaying a mean inversion moment arm of about -5.3 mm over the whole range of motion, triceps surae had an inversion moment arm in eversion and an eversion one in inversion. Tibialis posterior exhibited the most important inversion moment arm (-19.1 mm), whereas tibialis anterior had a very low one (-3.8 mm). For some specimens this muscle was found to have an eversion moment arm. Peronei longus and brevis had a nearly identical moment arm at the subtalar joint (21.8 and 20.5 mm).
采用肌腱偏移法对10个解剖标本的距小腿关节和距下关节处的小腿三头肌、拇长屈肌、胫骨后肌、胫骨前肌、腓骨短肌和腓骨长肌的力臂长度进行了评估。对肌腱偏移数据拟合正交多项式，并通过对关节角度求导，评估任意关节位置的瞬时力臂长度。对两个关节分别进行了研究。给出了个体数据、平均力臂以及多项式的显著力臂系数。就其力臂而言，最重要的跖屈肌是小腿三头肌、拇长屈肌，腓骨长肌、腓骨短肌和胫骨后肌的作用则小得多。结果表明对距下关节处肌肉的作用有了部分新的认识。尽管在整个运动范围内小腿三头肌的平均内翻力臂约为-5.3毫米，但它在外翻时有力臂内翻作用，而在内翻时有力臂外翻作用。胫骨后肌表现出最重要的内翻力臂（-19.1毫米），而胫骨前肌的力臂非常小（-3.8毫米）。在一些标本中发现该肌肉有力臂外翻作用。腓骨长肌和腓骨短肌在距下关节处有力臂几乎相同（分别为21.8毫米和20.5毫米）。
