Williams D R
Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48106, USA.
Int J Health Serv. 1996;26(3):483-505. doi: 10.2190/U9QT-7B7Y-HQ15-JT14.
This article considers the ways in which race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) relate to each other and combine to affect racial variations in health status. The author reviews a number of methodological issues concerning the assessment of race in the United States that importantly affect the quality of the available data on racial differences in health. These issues include the discrepancy between self-identification and observer-reported race, changing racial classification categories and racial identification, the difficulties in categorizing persons of mixed racial parentage, and census undercount. In discussing the complex interactions between race and SES, the author first describes the relationship between race and SES and assesses the role of SES in accounting for racial differences in health, then shows how the failure of SES to completely account for racial variations in health status emphasizes the need for health researchers to give more systematic attention to the unique factors linked to race that affect health. These factors include racism, migration, acculturation, and the comprehensive assessment of SES.
本文探讨了种族/族裔与社会经济地位（SES）相互关联并共同影响健康状况种族差异的方式。作者回顾了一些与美国种族评估相关的方法学问题，这些问题对现有健康种族差异数据的质量有着重要影响。这些问题包括自我认同与观察者报告的种族之间的差异、不断变化的种族分类类别和种族认同、对混血种族出身者进行分类的困难以及人口普查漏报。在讨论种族与SES之间的复杂相互作用时，作者首先描述了种族与SES之间的关系，并评估了SES在解释健康种族差异方面的作用，然后表明SES未能完全解释健康状况的种族差异这一情况凸显了健康研究人员需要更系统地关注与影响健康的种族相关的独特因素。这些因素包括种族主义、移民、文化适应以及对SES的综合评估。
