Zive M M, Nicklas T A, Busch E C, Myers L, Berenson G S
Department of Pediatrics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1996 Jul;19(1):39-47. doi: 10.1016/1054-139X(96)00022-5.
To determine reported vitamin and mineral intakes, vitamin supplement use, and food consumption patterns of young adults.
Twenty-four-hour dietary recalls were collected from 1988-1991 on a cross-sectional sample of 504 young adults in Bogalusa, Louisiana, between the ages of 19 and 28 years (58% female; 70% white). Reported vitamin and mineral intake data were analyzed for race and gender differences. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated where appropriate. Food sources of selected vitamins and minerals were also examined.
Reported intakes of vitamins A, B6, E, D, and C, folacin, magnesium, iron, zinc, and calcium were most likely to be inadequate compared with the Recommended dietary Allowances (RDA); with more females than males reported nutrient intakes less than two thirds of the RDA. Approximately 10% of the population reported taking a vitamin/mineral supplement over the 24-h survey period. Food source data indicated that breads and grains, milk, vegetables and soups, fruits, and beef were the primary contributors of the selected vitamins and minerals.
Public health organizations and dietitians need to educate young adults on practical strategies for making wise food choices rich in nutrient content relative to energy value to ensure intakes that approach the RDAs.
确定年轻成年人报告的维生素和矿物质摄入量、维生素补充剂使用情况以及食物消费模式。
1988年至1991年期间，对路易斯安那州博加卢萨市504名年龄在19至28岁之间的年轻成年人（58%为女性；70%为白人）进行横断面抽样，收集24小时饮食回忆数据。分析报告的维生素和矿物质摄入数据，以了解种族和性别差异。在适当情况下计算描述性和推断性统计数据。还检查了选定维生素和矿物质的食物来源。
与推荐膳食摄入量（RDA）相比，报告的维生素A、B6、E、D和C、叶酰素、镁、铁、锌和钙的摄入量最有可能不足；报告营养素摄入量低于RDA三分之二的女性多于男性。在24小时调查期间，约10%的人口报告服用了维生素/矿物质补充剂。食物来源数据表明，面包和谷物、牛奶、蔬菜和汤、水果以及牛肉是选定维生素和矿物质的主要来源。
公共卫生组织和营养师需要教育年轻成年人有关做出明智食物选择的实用策略，这些食物应富含相对于能量值的营养成分，以确保摄入量接近RDA。
