Fourie L J, Kok D J, Heyne H
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1996 Mar;63(1):19-23.
A study was conducted to compare the species of adult ixodid ticks on Friesian and Bonsmara cattle and their seasonal dynamics. Between five and ten animals of each breed were kept on natural False Upper Karoo vegetation, typical of the south-western Free State. Between May 1990 and October 1991, the animals were examined once or twice a month for the presence of adult ticks which were removed, counted and identified. Six species of ixodid ticks were recorded. The species composition on the two cattle breeds was remarkably similar. Ixodes rubicundus was dominant (55-57.7% of all ticks collected), followed by Hyalomma marginatum rufipes (28.9-31.5%) and Rhipicephalus punctatus *6.2-6.7%). Only small numbers of Hyalomma truncatum, Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi and Rhipicephalus gertrudae were recorded. Almost twice as many ticks were collected from Friesian as from Bonsmara cattle. Ixodes rubicundus showed a typical winter-activity period. The other species were either active mostly during the warmer months, or their numbers were to low to determine any seasonal pattern. Apart from information on the diversity of ticks which infest cattle in the region, the study has also shown a greater resistance by Bonsmara cattle (a mixed Bos taurus/Bos indicus breed) to tick infestation. Bos indicus cattle can play an increasingly important role in integrated tick-management practices in southern Africa.
开展了一项研究，以比较弗里斯兰牛和邦斯玛拉牛身上成年硬蜱的种类及其季节动态。每个品种的5至10头牛被放养在自由邦西南部典型的天然假上卡鲁植被区。1990年5月至1991年10月期间，每月对这些牛检查一到两次，检查是否存在成年蜱，发现后将蜱取下、计数并鉴定。记录到六种硬蜱。两个牛品种身上的蜱种类组成非常相似。红硬蜱占主导地位（占所有采集到的蜱的55 - 57.7%），其次是边缘璃眼蜱红棕亚种（28.9 - 31.5%）和微小扇头蜱（6.2 - 6.7%）。仅记录到少量的截形璃眼蜱、埃氏扇头蜱和格氏扇头蜱。从弗里斯兰牛身上采集到的蜱几乎是邦斯玛拉牛的两倍。红硬蜱表现出典型的冬季活动期。其他种类要么大多在较温暖的月份活跃，要么数量太少以至于无法确定任何季节模式。除了有关该地区寄生于牛身上蜱的多样性信息外，该研究还表明邦斯玛拉牛（一种瘤牛/黄牛的杂交品种）对蜱侵袭具有更强的抵抗力。瘤牛在南部非洲的综合蜱虫管理实践中可以发挥越来越重要的作用。
