Waluyo L, Ekberg K, Eklund J
Division of Industrial Ergonomics, University of Technology, Linköping, Sweden.
Ergonomics. 1996 Feb;39(2):199-212. doi: 10.1080/00140139608964451.
Work conditions in industrial production vary substantially between different cultures. In the present study the aims were to identify differences between Swedish and Indonesian assembly industry workers regarding work environment factors, health and job satisfaction, and to find associations between work environment factors, and the health measures. Data were collected by a questionnaire from 326 Swedish and 136 Indonesian assembly industry workers, interviews and from company documents. The prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms was high in both groups. Stress and psychosomatic symptoms had higher prevalences in the Swedish group, which also rated their work conditions as worse in most respects. Work tasks were physically heavier in Indonesia, but less monotonous and with lower demands on productivity. The Indonesians were more satisfied with their jobs. Physical job demands were associated with musculoskeletal symptoms. Competence development was associated with increased job satisfaction. Conflicts and harassments at work were associated with stress and psychosomatic symptoms. Job pressure, especially deficient planning of the jobs was associated with lower job satisfaction, psychosomatic and stress symptoms in the Swedish group. Implications for job design in the two cultures are presented.
不同文化背景下，工业生产中的工作条件差异很大。在本研究中，目的是确定瑞典和印度尼西亚装配行业工人在工作环境因素、健康状况和工作满意度方面的差异，并找出工作环境因素与健康指标之间的关联。通过问卷调查收集了326名瑞典和136名印度尼西亚装配行业工人的数据、进行了访谈并查阅了公司文件。两组工人肌肉骨骼症状的患病率都很高。瑞典组中压力和心身症状的患病率更高，在大多数方面他们对工作条件的评价也更差。印度尼西亚的工作任务体力要求更高，但单调性较低且对生产率的要求较低。印度尼西亚人对工作更满意。体力工作需求与肌肉骨骼症状相关。能力发展与工作满意度提高相关。工作中的冲突和骚扰与压力和心身症状相关。工作压力，尤其是工作规划不足，与瑞典组较低的工作满意度、心身症状和压力症状相关。本文还介绍了两种文化下工作设计的启示。
