Hagen K B, Magnus P, Vetlesen K
National Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Ergonomics. 1998 Oct;41(10):1510-8. doi: 10.1080/001401398186243.
In a national cross-sectional study, the prevalence of neck/shoulder and low-back disorders and their relationship to work tasks and perceived psychosocial job stress was studied among forestry employees. The data were collected by occupational health service staff using Karasek's demand/control questionnaire for the psychosocial measures and the Standardized Nordic questionnaire for the analysis of musculoskeletal disorders. Based on data about past and present work tasks, the study population was classified into three groups: 645 manual workers, 66 machine operators and 124 administrative workers. Low-back disorders were more common among the manual workers than among the administrative workers [odds ratio (OR) = 1.98]. For the machine operators and manual workers, an increasing level of psychological demands was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of low-back disorders. The prevalence of neck/shoulder disorders was significantly higher among the machine operators (OR = 3.37) and manual workers (OR = 2.34) than among the administrative workers. An increasing level of psychological demands combined with a decreasing level of intellectual discretion was associated with an increased prevalence of neck/shoulder disorders. Authority over decisions was not associated with musculoskeletal disorders. In conclusion, musculoskeletal disorders were associated with both physical and psychosocial work factors. The modest strength of the associations between each individual independent variable and the outcome measure shows, however, that a substantial reduction in the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders may be difficult to achieve. Nevertheless, the study clearly suggests that in the forestry industry attention should be paid to psychosocial work factors in future organizational changes and preventive programmes.
在一项全国性横断面研究中，对林业员工颈部/肩部和下背部疾病的患病率及其与工作任务和感知到的心理社会工作压力的关系进行了研究。数据由职业健康服务人员收集，使用Karasek需求/控制问卷进行心理社会测量，使用标准化北欧问卷分析肌肉骨骼疾病。根据过去和当前工作任务的数据，将研究人群分为三组：645名体力劳动者、66名机器操作员和124名行政人员。下背部疾病在体力劳动者中比在行政人员中更常见[优势比（OR）=1.98]。对于机器操作员和体力劳动者，心理需求水平的增加与下背部疾病患病率的增加显著相关。机器操作员（OR = 3.37）和体力劳动者（OR = 2.34）中颈部/肩部疾病的患病率显著高于行政人员。心理需求水平的增加与智力自主性水平的降低相结合，与颈部/肩部疾病患病率的增加相关。决策权力与肌肉骨骼疾病无关。总之，肌肉骨骼疾病与身体和心理社会工作因素都有关。然而，每个独立变量与结果测量之间关联强度适中，这表明可能难以大幅降低肌肉骨骼疾病的患病率。尽管如此，该研究明确表明，在林业行业，未来的组织变革和预防计划中应关注心理社会工作因素。
