Simpkin D J
St. Luke's Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53215, USA.
Med Phys. 1996 Apr;23(4):577-84. doi: 10.1118/1.597813.
A survey of modern medical institutions has been performed to measure the workload and primary beam use factors used in diagnostic x-ray installations in comparison to those suggested in Report 49 of the NCRP. Seven types of radiology installations were investigated, namely general radiographic rooms, general fluoroscopic and radiographic rooms (fluoroscopic and radiographic tubes surveyed separately), chest radiographic rooms, mammographic suites, and cardiac and peripheral angiographic suites. The radiologic technique (kVp and mAs) for each exposure performed on a total of 2396 patients was recorded either manually or by a commercially-available invasive electronic sensing system. Additionally, the direction of the primary beam during the exposure was recorded. The kVp distribution of the workload data was determined and normalized per patient for each of the seven types of installations. The total average workload per patient surveyed in each type of installation is 2.5, 13, 1.5, 0.22, 6.7, 160, and 64 mA min per patient for the above installation types. For general radiographic rooms the primary beam was directed at the floor for 69% of the total workload, with the remaining 21.5%, 6.5% and 1.6% of the workload directed toward three walls. When multiplied by the average number of patients examined weekly in each type of installation, the mean weekly workloads observed are 270, 230, 35, 44, 320, 3100, and 1400 mA min for the above-listed types of installations. Additionally, a significant fraction of the observed workloads occur at potentials much less than the kVp values typically assumed for radiation shielding.
已对现代医疗机构进行了一项调查，以测量诊断性X射线设备中使用的工作量和原发射线使用因素，并与NCRP第49号报告中建议的因素进行比较。对七种类型的放射设备进行了调查，即普通放射室、普通透视和放射室（分别对透视管和放射管进行调查）、胸部放射室、乳腺摄影室以及心脏和外周血管造影室。对总共2396名患者进行的每次曝光的放射技术（千伏峰值和毫安秒）通过手动或市售的侵入式电子传感系统进行记录。此外，还记录了曝光期间原发射线的方向。确定了工作量数据的千伏峰值分布，并针对七种类型的设备中的每一种按患者进行了归一化。上述设备类型中，每种设备类型调查的每位患者的总平均工作量分别为2.5、13、1.5、0.22、6.7、160和64毫安分钟。对于普通放射室，原发射线在总工作量的69%指向地面，其余21.5%、6.5%和1.6%的工作量分别指向三面墙。当乘以每种设备类型每周检查的患者平均数量时，上述列出的设备类型观察到的平均每周工作量分别为270、230、35、44、320、3100和1400毫安分钟。此外，观察到的工作量中有很大一部分发生在远低于通常假定用于辐射屏蔽的值的千伏峰值下。
