Kemp J P
Division of Immunology and Allergy, University of California School of Medicine, San Diego, USA.
Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1996 Aug;35(8):383-9. doi: 10.1177/000992289603500801.
The symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis often develop during adolescence. Teen-age students with seasonal allergic rhinitis may experience decreased academic performance and productivity from the disease or because of the sedative effects of some antihistamines. The pharmacologic effects of nonsedating second-generation antihistamines are compared with those of classical antihistamines. The effects of antihistamines on sedation and motor and cognitive function are discussed. The role of antiinflammatory agents, decongestants, and combination products is reviewed. Potential drug interactions must be considered along with factors such as drug-induced weight gain and the use of antihistamines in potentially pregnant patients in selecting appropriate antihistamine therapy for adolescent patients.
季节性变应性鼻炎的症状通常在青春期出现。患有季节性变应性鼻炎的青少年学生可能会因该疾病或某些抗组胺药的镇静作用而导致学业成绩下降和学习效率降低。将非镇静性第二代抗组胺药的药理作用与经典抗组胺药的药理作用进行了比较。讨论了抗组胺药对镇静、运动和认知功能的影响。综述了抗炎药、减充血剂和复方制剂的作用。在为青少年患者选择合适的抗组胺药治疗时，必须考虑潜在的药物相互作用以及药物引起体重增加和在可能怀孕的患者中使用抗组胺药等因素。
