Kirkpatrick-Steger K, Miller S S, Betti C A, Wasserman E A
Department of Psychology, University of Iowa, USA.
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1996 Oct;22(4):447-60. doi: 10.1037//0097-7403.22.4.447.
The present experiment examined whether discrimination learning shapes the single-peaked response distributions usually obtained with the peak procedure. Two sources of learning in pigeons were disclosed: learning to respond near the time of reinforcement on fixed interval (FI) trials and learning to withhold responding once the FI duration had elapsed on peak interval (PI) trials. Pigeons also produced a highly unexpected second peak in responding on nonreinforced PI trials at 3 times the FI duration. Follow-up experiments showed that a 1:4 FI:PI duration ratio supported double peaks, but only 1 peak was obtained with a 1:8 FI:PI duration ratio. Finally, 4 peaks could be observed on extra-long PI trials under a 1:4:8 FI:PI:PI ratio procedure. The multiple-peaked response distributions are an unprecedented finding that present a major challenge to any theory of time perception.
本实验检验了辨别学习是否塑造了通常通过峰值程序获得的单峰反应分布。揭示了鸽子学习的两个来源：在固定间隔（FI）试验中学习在强化时间附近做出反应，以及在峰值间隔（PI）试验中学习在FI持续时间过去后停止反应。鸽子在非强化PI试验中还在FI持续时间的3倍时产生了一个非常意外的第二个反应峰值。后续实验表明，1:4的FI:PI持续时间比支持双峰，但1:8的FI:PI持续时间比只获得了一个峰值。最后，在1:4:8的FI:PI:PI比例程序下的超长PI试验中可以观察到4个峰值。多峰反应分布是一个前所未有的发现，对任何时间知觉理论都提出了重大挑战。
